vehicle.cpp

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/*
 * This file is part of OpenTTD.
 * OpenTTD is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
 * OpenTTD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with OpenTTD. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0>.
 */

 
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "roadveh.h"
#include "ship.h"
#include "spritecache.h"
#include "timetable.h"
#include "viewport_func.h"
#include "news_func.h"
#include "command_func.h"
#include "company_func.h"
#include "train.h"
#include "aircraft.h"
#include "newgrf_debug.h"
#include "newgrf_sound.h"
#include "newgrf_station.h"
#include "group_gui.h"
#include "strings_func.h"
#include "zoom_func.h"
#include "vehicle_func.h"
#include "autoreplace_func.h"
#include "autoreplace_gui.h"
#include "station_base.h"
#include "ai/ai.hpp"
#include "depot_func.h"
#include "network/network.h"
#include "core/pool_func.hpp"
#include "economy_base.h"
#include "articulated_vehicles.h"
#include "roadstop_base.h"
#include "core/random_func.hpp"
#include "core/backup_type.hpp"
#include "core/container_func.hpp"
#include "order_backup.h"
#include "sound_func.h"
#include "effectvehicle_func.h"
#include "effectvehicle_base.h"
#include "vehiclelist.h"
#include "bridge_map.h"
#include "tunnel_map.h"
#include "depot_map.h"
#include "gamelog.h"
#include "linkgraph/linkgraph.h"
#include "linkgraph/refresh.h"
#include "framerate_type.h"
#include "autoreplace_cmd.h"
#include "misc_cmd.h"
#include "train_cmd.h"
#include "vehicle_cmd.h"
#include "newgrf_roadstop.h"
#include "timer/timer.h"
#include "timer/timer_game_calendar.h"
#include "timer/timer_game_economy.h"
#include "timer/timer_game_tick.h"
 
#include "table/strings.h"
 
#include "safeguards.h"

static const uint GEN_HASHX_BITS = 6;
static const uint GEN_HASHY_BITS = 6;

static const uint GEN_HASHX_BUCKET_BITS = 7;
static const uint GEN_HASHY_BUCKET_BITS = 6;
 
/* Compute hash for vehicle coord */
static inline uint GetViewportHashX(int x)
{
  return GB(x, GEN_HASHX_BUCKET_BITS + ZOOM_BASE_SHIFT, GEN_HASHX_BITS);
}
 
static inline uint GetViewportHashY(int y)
{
  return GB(y, GEN_HASHY_BUCKET_BITS + ZOOM_BASE_SHIFT, GEN_HASHY_BITS) << GEN_HASHX_BITS;
}
 
static inline uint GetViewportHash(int x, int y)
{
  return GetViewportHashX(x) + GetViewportHashY(y);
}

static const uint GEN_HASHX_SIZE = 1 << (GEN_HASHX_BUCKET_BITS + GEN_HASHX_BITS + ZOOM_BASE_SHIFT);
static const uint GEN_HASHY_SIZE = 1 << (GEN_HASHY_BUCKET_BITS + GEN_HASHY_BITS + ZOOM_BASE_SHIFT);

static const uint GEN_HASHX_INC = 1;
static const uint GEN_HASHY_INC = 1 << GEN_HASHX_BITS;

static const uint GEN_HASHX_MASK =  (1 << GEN_HASHX_BITS) - 1;
static const uint GEN_HASHY_MASK = ((1 << GEN_HASHY_BITS) - 1) << GEN_HASHX_BITS;

VehiclePool _vehicle_pool("Vehicle");
INSTANTIATE_POOL_METHODS(Vehicle)
 
 

void VehicleSpriteSeq::GetBounds(Rect *bounds) const
{
  bounds->left = bounds->top = bounds->right = bounds->bottom = 0;
  for (uint i = 0; i < this->count; ++i) {
    const Sprite *spr = GetSprite(this->seq[i].sprite, SpriteType::Normal);
    if (i == 0) {
      bounds->left = spr->x_offs;
      bounds->top  = spr->y_offs;
      bounds->right  = spr->width  + spr->x_offs - 1;
      bounds->bottom = spr->height + spr->y_offs - 1;
    } else {
      if (spr->x_offs < bounds->left) bounds->left = spr->x_offs;
      if (spr->y_offs < bounds->top)  bounds->top  = spr->y_offs;
      int right  = spr->width  + spr->x_offs - 1;
      int bottom = spr->height + spr->y_offs - 1;
      if (right  > bounds->right)  bounds->right  = right;
      if (bottom > bounds->bottom) bounds->bottom = bottom;
    }
  }
}

void VehicleSpriteSeq::Draw(int x, int y, PaletteID default_pal, bool force_pal) const
{
  for (uint i = 0; i < this->count; ++i) {
    PaletteID pal = force_pal || !this->seq[i].pal ? default_pal : this->seq[i].pal;
    DrawSprite(this->seq[i].sprite, pal, x, y);
  }
}

bool Vehicle::NeedsAutorenewing(const Company *c, bool use_renew_setting) const
{
  /* We can always generate the Company pointer when we have the vehicle.
   * However this takes time and since the Company pointer is often present
   * when this function is called then it's faster to pass the pointer as an
   * argument rather than finding it again. */
  assert(c == Company::Get(this->owner));
 
  if (use_renew_setting && !c->settings.engine_renew) return false;
  if (this->age - this->max_age < (c->settings.engine_renew_months * 30)) return false;
 
  /* Only engines need renewing */
  if (this->type == VehicleType::Train && !Train::From(this)->IsEngine()) return false;
 
  return true;
}

void VehicleServiceInDepot(Vehicle *v)
{
  assert(v != nullptr);
  SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, v->index); // ensure that last service date and reliability are updated
 
  do {
    v->date_of_last_service = TimerGameEconomy::date;
    v->date_of_last_service_newgrf = TimerGameCalendar::date;
    v->breakdowns_since_last_service = 0;
    v->reliability = v->GetEngine()->reliability;
    /* Prevent vehicles from breaking down directly after exiting the depot. */
    v->breakdown_chance /= 4;
    if (_settings_game.difficulty.vehicle_breakdowns == VehicleBreakdowns::Reduced) v->breakdown_chance = 0; // on reduced breakdown
    v = v->Next();
  } while (v != nullptr && v->HasEngineType());
}

bool Vehicle::NeedsServicing() const
{
  /* Stopped or crashed vehicles will not move, as such making unmovable
   * vehicles to go for service is lame. */
  if (this->vehstatus.Any({VehState::Stopped, VehState::Crashed})) return false;
 
  /* Are we ready for the next service cycle? */
  const Company *c = Company::Get(this->owner);
 
  /* Service intervals can be measured in different units, which we handle individually. */
  if (this->ServiceIntervalIsPercent()) {
    /* Service interval is in percents. */
    if (this->reliability >= this->GetEngine()->reliability * (100 - this->GetServiceInterval()) / 100) return false;
  } else if (TimerGameEconomy::UsingWallclockUnits()) {
    /* Service interval is in minutes. */
    if (this->date_of_last_service + (this->GetServiceInterval() * EconomyTime::DAYS_IN_ECONOMY_MONTH) >= TimerGameEconomy::date) return false;
  } else {
    /* Service interval is in days. */
    if (this->date_of_last_service + this->GetServiceInterval() >= TimerGameEconomy::date) return false;
  }
 
  /* If we're servicing anyway, because we have not disabled servicing when
   * there are no breakdowns or we are playing with breakdowns, bail out. */
  if (!_settings_game.order.no_servicing_if_no_breakdowns ||
      _settings_game.difficulty.vehicle_breakdowns != VehicleBreakdowns::None) {
    return true;
  }
 
  /* Test whether there is some pending autoreplace.
   * Note: We do this after the service-interval test.
   * There are a lot more reasons for autoreplace to fail than we can test here reasonably. */
  bool pending_replace = false;
  Money needed_money = c->settings.engine_renew_money;
  if (needed_money > GetAvailableMoney(c->index)) return false;
 
  for (const Vehicle *v = this; v != nullptr; v = (v->type == VehicleType::Train) ? Train::From(v)->GetNextUnit() : nullptr) {
    bool replace_when_old = false;
    EngineID new_engine = EngineReplacementForCompany(c, v->engine_type, v->group_id, &replace_when_old);
 
    /* Check engine availability */
    if (new_engine == EngineID::Invalid() || !Engine::Get(new_engine)->company_avail.Test(v->owner)) continue;
    /* Is the vehicle old if we are not always replacing? */
    if (replace_when_old && !v->NeedsAutorenewing(c, false)) continue;
 
    /* Check refittability */
    CargoTypes available_cargo_types, union_mask;
    GetArticulatedRefitMasks(new_engine, true, &union_mask, &available_cargo_types);
    /* Is there anything to refit? */
    if (union_mask.Any()) {
      CargoType cargo_type;
      CargoTypes cargo_mask = GetCargoTypesOfArticulatedVehicle(v, &cargo_type);
      if (!HasAtMostOneBit(cargo_mask.base())) {
        CargoTypes new_engine_default_cargoes = GetCargoTypesOfArticulatedParts(new_engine);
        if ((cargo_mask & new_engine_default_cargoes) != cargo_mask) {
          /* We cannot refit to mixed cargoes in an automated way */
          continue;
        }
        /* engine_type is already a mixed cargo type which matches the incoming vehicle by default, no refit required */
      } else {
        /* Did the old vehicle carry anything? */
        if (IsValidCargoType(cargo_type)) {
          /* We can't refit the vehicle to carry the cargo we want */
          if (!available_cargo_types.Test(cargo_type)) continue;
        }
      }
    }
 
    /* Check money.
     * We want 2*(the price of the new vehicle) without looking at the value of the vehicle we are going to sell. */
    pending_replace = true;
    needed_money += 2 * Engine::Get(new_engine)->GetCost();
    if (needed_money > GetAvailableMoney(c->index)) return false;
  }
 
  return pending_replace;
}

bool Vehicle::NeedsAutomaticServicing() const
{
  if (this->HasDepotOrder()) return false;
  if (this->current_order.IsType(OT_LOADING)) return false;
  if (this->current_order.IsType(OT_GOTO_DEPOT) && !this->current_order.GetDepotOrderType().Test(OrderDepotTypeFlag::Service)) return false;
  return NeedsServicing();
}
 
uint Vehicle::Crash(bool)
{
  assert(!this->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Crashed));
  assert(this->Previous() == nullptr); // IsPrimaryVehicle fails for free-wagon-chains
 
  uint pass = 0;
  /* Stop the vehicle. */
  if (this->IsPrimaryVehicle()) this->vehstatus.Set(VehState::Stopped);
  /* crash all wagons, and count passengers */
  for (Vehicle *v = this; v != nullptr; v = v->Next()) {
    /* We do not transfer reserver cargo back, so TotalCount() instead of StoredCount() */
    if (IsCargoInClass(v->cargo_type, CargoClass::Passengers)) pass += v->cargo.TotalCount();
    v->vehstatus.Set(VehState::Crashed);
    v->MarkAllViewportsDirty();
  }
 
  /* Dirty some windows */
  InvalidateWindowClassesData(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(this->type), 0);
  SetWindowWidgetDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index, WID_VV_START_STOP);
  SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, this->index);
  SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DEPOT, this->GetMovingFront()->tile);
 
  delete this->cargo_payment;
  assert(this->cargo_payment == nullptr); // cleared by ~CargoPayment
 
  return RandomRange(pass + 1); // Randomise deceased passengers.
}
 

void ShowNewGrfVehicleError(EngineID engine, StringID part1, StringID part2, GRFBug bug_type, bool critical)
{
  const Engine *e = Engine::Get(engine);
  GRFConfig *grfconfig = GetGRFConfig(e->GetGRFID());
 
  /* Missing GRF. Nothing useful can be done in this situation. */
  if (grfconfig == nullptr) return;
 
  if (!grfconfig->grf_bugs.Test(bug_type)) {
    grfconfig->grf_bugs.Set(bug_type);
    ShowErrorMessage(GetEncodedString(part1, grfconfig->GetName()),
      GetEncodedString(part2, std::monostate{}, engine), WL_CRITICAL);
    if (!_networking) Command<Commands::Pause>::Do(DoCommandFlag::Execute, critical ? PauseMode::Error : PauseMode::Normal, true);
  }
 
  /* debug output */
  Debug(grf, 0, "{}", StrMakeValid(GetString(part1, grfconfig->GetName())));
 
  Debug(grf, 0, "{}", StrMakeValid(GetString(part2, std::monostate{}, engine)));
}

void VehicleLengthChanged(const Vehicle *u)
{
  /* show a warning once for each engine in whole game and once for each GRF after each game load */
  const Engine *engine = u->GetEngine();
  uint32_t grfid = engine->grf_prop.grfid;
  GRFConfig *grfconfig = GetGRFConfig(grfid);
  if (_gamelog.GRFBugReverse(grfid, engine->grf_prop.local_id) || !grfconfig->grf_bugs.Test(GRFBug::VehLength)) {
    ShowNewGrfVehicleError(u->engine_type, STR_NEWGRF_BROKEN, STR_NEWGRF_BROKEN_VEHICLE_LENGTH, GRFBug::VehLength, true);
  }
}

Vehicle::Vehicle(VehicleID index, VehicleType type) : VehiclePool::PoolItem<&_vehicle_pool>(index)
{
  this->type               = type;
  this->coord.left         = INVALID_COORD;
  this->sprite_cache.old_coord.left = INVALID_COORD;
  this->group_id           = DEFAULT_GROUP;
  this->fill_percent_te_id = INVALID_TE_ID;
  this->first              = this;
  this->last               = this;
  this->colourmap          = PAL_NONE;
  this->cargo_age_counter  = 1;
  this->last_station_visited = StationID::Invalid();
  this->last_loading_station = StationID::Invalid();
}

constexpr uint TILE_HASH_BITS = 7;
constexpr uint TILE_HASH_SIZE = 1 << TILE_HASH_BITS;
constexpr uint TILE_HASH_MASK = TILE_HASH_SIZE - 1;
constexpr uint TOTAL_TILE_HASH_SIZE = 1 << (TILE_HASH_BITS * 2);

constexpr uint TILE_HASH_RES = 0;

static inline uint GetTileHash1D(uint p)
{
  return GB(p, TILE_HASH_RES, TILE_HASH_BITS);
}

static inline uint IncTileHash1D(uint h)
{
  return (h + 1) & TILE_HASH_MASK;
}

static inline uint ComposeTileHash(uint hx, uint hy)
{
  return hx | hy << TILE_HASH_BITS;
}

static inline uint GetTileHash(uint x, uint y)
{
  return ComposeTileHash(GetTileHash1D(x), GetTileHash1D(y));
}
 
static std::array<Vehicle *, TOTAL_TILE_HASH_SIZE> _vehicle_tile_hash{};

VehiclesNearTileXY::Iterator::Iterator(int32_t x, int32_t y, uint max_dist)
{
  /* There are no negative tile coordinates */
  this->pos_rect.left = std::max<int>(0, x - max_dist);
  this->pos_rect.right = std::max<int>(0, x + max_dist);
  this->pos_rect.top = std::max<int>(0, y - max_dist);
  this->pos_rect.bottom = std::max<int>(0, y + max_dist);
 
  if (2 * max_dist < TILE_HASH_MASK * TILE_SIZE) {
    /* Hash area to scan */
    this->hxmin = this->hx = GetTileHash1D(this->pos_rect.left / TILE_SIZE);
    this->hxmax = GetTileHash1D(this->pos_rect.right / TILE_SIZE);
    this->hymin = this->hy = GetTileHash1D(this->pos_rect.top / TILE_SIZE);
    this->hymax = GetTileHash1D(this->pos_rect.bottom / TILE_SIZE);
  } else {
    /* Scan all */
    this->hxmin = this->hx = 0;
    this->hxmax = TILE_HASH_MASK;
    this->hymin = this->hy = 0;
    this->hymax = TILE_HASH_MASK;
  }
 
  this->current_veh = _vehicle_tile_hash[ComposeTileHash(this->hx, this->hy)];
  this->SkipEmptyBuckets();
  this->SkipFalseMatches();
}

void VehiclesNearTileXY::Iterator::Increment()
{
  assert(this->current_veh != nullptr);
  this->current_veh = this->current_veh->hash_tile_next;
  this->SkipEmptyBuckets();
}

void VehiclesNearTileXY::Iterator::SkipEmptyBuckets()
{
  while (this->current_veh == nullptr) {
    if (this->hx != this->hxmax) {
      this->hx = IncTileHash1D(this->hx);
    } else if (this->hy != this->hymax) {
      this->hx = this->hxmin;
      this->hy = IncTileHash1D(this->hy);
    } else {
      return;
    }
    this->current_veh = _vehicle_tile_hash[ComposeTileHash(this->hx, this->hy)];
  }
}

void VehiclesNearTileXY::Iterator::SkipFalseMatches()
{
  while (this->current_veh != nullptr && !this->pos_rect.Contains({this->current_veh->x_pos, this->current_veh->y_pos})) this->Increment();
}

VehiclesOnTile::Iterator::Iterator(TileIndex tile) : tile(tile)
{
  this->current = _vehicle_tile_hash[GetTileHash(TileX(tile), TileY(tile))];
  this->SkipFalseMatches();
}

void VehiclesOnTile::Iterator::Increment()
{
  this->current = this->current->hash_tile_next;
}

void VehiclesOnTile::Iterator::SkipFalseMatches()
{
  while (this->current != nullptr && this->current->tile != this->tile) this->Increment();
}

CommandCost EnsureNoVehicleOnGround(TileIndex tile)
{
  int z = GetTileMaxPixelZ(tile);
 
  /* Value v is not safe in MP games, however, it is used to generate a local
   * error message only (which may be different for different machines).
   * Such a message does not affect MP synchronisation.
   */
  for (const Vehicle *v : VehiclesOnTile(tile)) {
    if (v->type == VehicleType::Disaster || (v->type == VehicleType::Aircraft && v->subtype == AIR_SHADOW)) continue;
    if (v->z_pos > z) continue;
 
    return CommandCost(STR_ERROR_TRAIN_IN_THE_WAY + to_underlying(v->type));
  }
  return CommandCost();
}

CommandCost TunnelBridgeIsFree(TileIndex tile, TileIndex endtile, const Vehicle *ignore)
{
  for (TileIndex t : {tile, endtile}) {
    /* Value v is not safe in MP games, however, it is used to generate a local
     * error message only (which may be different for different machines).
     * Such a message does not affect MP synchronisation.
     */
    for (const Vehicle *v : VehiclesOnTile(t)) {
      if (v->type != VehicleType::Train && v->type != VehicleType::Road && v->type != VehicleType::Ship) continue;
      if (v == ignore) continue;
      return CommandCost(STR_ERROR_TRAIN_IN_THE_WAY + to_underlying(v->type));
    }
  }
  return CommandCost();
}

CommandCost EnsureNoTrainOnTrackBits(TileIndex tile, TrackBits track_bits)
{
  /* Value v is not safe in MP games, however, it is used to generate a local
   * error message only (which may be different for different machines).
   * Such a message does not affect MP synchronisation.
   */
  for (const Vehicle *v : VehiclesOnTile(tile)) {
    if (v->type != VehicleType::Train) continue;
 
    const Train *t = Train::From(v);
    if ((t->track != track_bits) && !TracksOverlap(t->track | track_bits)) continue;
 
    return CommandCost(STR_ERROR_TRAIN_IN_THE_WAY + to_underlying(v->type));
  }
  return CommandCost();
}
 
static void UpdateVehicleTileHash(Vehicle *v, bool remove)
{
  Vehicle **old_hash = v->hash_tile_current;
  Vehicle **new_hash;
 
  if (remove) {
    new_hash = nullptr;
  } else {
    new_hash = &_vehicle_tile_hash[GetTileHash(TileX(v->tile), TileY(v->tile))];
  }
 
  if (old_hash == new_hash) return;
 
  /* Remove from the old position in the hash table */
  if (old_hash != nullptr) {
    if (v->hash_tile_next != nullptr) v->hash_tile_next->hash_tile_prev = v->hash_tile_prev;
    *v->hash_tile_prev = v->hash_tile_next;
  }
 
  /* Insert vehicle at beginning of the new position in the hash table */
  if (new_hash != nullptr) {
    v->hash_tile_next = *new_hash;
    if (v->hash_tile_next != nullptr) v->hash_tile_next->hash_tile_prev = &v->hash_tile_next;
    v->hash_tile_prev = new_hash;
    *new_hash = v;
  }
 
  /* Remember current hash position */
  v->hash_tile_current = new_hash;
}
 
static std::array<Vehicle *, 1 << (GEN_HASHX_BITS + GEN_HASHY_BITS)> _vehicle_viewport_hash{};
 
static void UpdateVehicleViewportHash(Vehicle *v, int x, int y, int old_x, int old_y)
{
  Vehicle **old_hash, **new_hash;
 
  new_hash = (x == INVALID_COORD) ? nullptr : &_vehicle_viewport_hash[GetViewportHash(x, y)];
  old_hash = (old_x == INVALID_COORD) ? nullptr : &_vehicle_viewport_hash[GetViewportHash(old_x, old_y)];
 
  if (old_hash == new_hash) return;
 
  /* remove from hash table? */
  if (old_hash != nullptr) {
    if (v->hash_viewport_next != nullptr) v->hash_viewport_next->hash_viewport_prev = v->hash_viewport_prev;
    *v->hash_viewport_prev = v->hash_viewport_next;
  }
 
  /* insert into hash table? */
  if (new_hash != nullptr) {
    v->hash_viewport_next = *new_hash;
    if (v->hash_viewport_next != nullptr) v->hash_viewport_next->hash_viewport_prev = &v->hash_viewport_next;
    v->hash_viewport_prev = new_hash;
    *new_hash = v;
  }
}
 
void ResetVehicleHash()
{
  for (Vehicle *v : Vehicle::Iterate()) { v->hash_tile_current = nullptr; }
  _vehicle_viewport_hash.fill(nullptr);
  _vehicle_tile_hash.fill(nullptr);
}
 
void ResetVehicleColourMap()
{
  for (Vehicle *v : Vehicle::Iterate()) { v->colourmap = PAL_NONE; }
}

using AutoreplaceMap = std::map<VehicleID, bool>;
static AutoreplaceMap _vehicles_to_autoreplace;
 
void InitializeVehicles()
{
  _vehicles_to_autoreplace.clear();
  ResetVehicleHash();
}
 
uint CountVehiclesInChain(const Vehicle *v)
{
  uint count = 0;
  do count++; while ((v = v->Next()) != nullptr);
  return count;
}

bool Vehicle::IsEngineCountable() const
{
  switch (this->type) {
    case VehicleType::Aircraft: return Aircraft::From(this)->IsNormalAircraft(); // don't count plane shadows and helicopter rotors
    case VehicleType::Train:
      return !this->IsArticulatedPart() && // tenders and other articulated parts
          !Train::From(this)->IsRearDualheaded(); // rear parts of multiheaded engines
    case VehicleType::Road: return RoadVehicle::From(this)->IsFrontEngine();
    case VehicleType::Ship: return true;
    default: return false; // Only count company buildable vehicles
  }
}

bool Vehicle::HasEngineType() const
{
  switch (this->type) {
    case VehicleType::Aircraft: return Aircraft::From(this)->IsNormalAircraft();
    case VehicleType::Train:
    case VehicleType::Road:
    case VehicleType::Ship: return true;
    default: return false;
  }
}

const Engine *Vehicle::GetEngine() const
{
  return Engine::Get(this->engine_type);
}

const GRFFile *Vehicle::GetGRF() const
{
  return this->GetEngine()->GetGRF();
}

uint32_t Vehicle::GetGRFID() const
{
  return this->GetEngine()->GetGRFID();
}

void Vehicle::ShiftDates(TimerGameEconomy::Date interval)
{
  this->date_of_last_service = std::max(this->date_of_last_service + interval, TimerGameEconomy::Date(0));
  /* date_of_last_service_newgrf is not updated here as it must stay stable
   * for vehicles outside of a depot. */
}

void Vehicle::HandlePathfindingResult(bool path_found)
{
  if (path_found) {
    /* Route found, is the vehicle marked with "lost" flag? */
    if (!this->vehicle_flags.Test(VehicleFlag::PathfinderLost)) return;
 
    /* Clear the flag as the PF's problem was solved. */
    this->vehicle_flags.Reset(VehicleFlag::PathfinderLost);
    SetWindowWidgetDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index, WID_VV_START_STOP);
    InvalidateWindowClassesData(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(this->type));
    /* Delete the news item. */
    DeleteVehicleNews(this->index, AdviceType::VehicleLost);
    return;
  }
 
  /* Were we already lost? */
  if (this->vehicle_flags.Test(VehicleFlag::PathfinderLost)) return;
 
  /* It is first time the problem occurred, set the "lost" flag. */
  this->vehicle_flags.Set(VehicleFlag::PathfinderLost);
  SetWindowWidgetDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index, WID_VV_START_STOP);
  InvalidateWindowClassesData(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(this->type));
 
  /* Unbunching data is no longer valid. */
  this->ResetDepotUnbunching();
 
  /* Notify user about the event. */
  AI::NewEvent(this->owner, new ScriptEventVehicleLost(this->index));
  if (_settings_client.gui.lost_vehicle_warn && this->owner == _local_company) {
    AddVehicleAdviceNewsItem(AdviceType::VehicleLost, GetEncodedString(STR_NEWS_VEHICLE_IS_LOST, this->index), this->index);
  }
}

void Vehicle::PreDestructor()
{
  if (CleaningPool()) return;
 
  if (Station::IsValidID(this->last_station_visited)) {
    Station *st = Station::Get(this->last_station_visited);
    st->loading_vehicles.remove(this);
 
    HideFillingPercent(&this->fill_percent_te_id);
    this->CancelReservation(StationID::Invalid(), st);
    delete this->cargo_payment;
    assert(this->cargo_payment == nullptr); // cleared by ~CargoPayment
  }
 
  if (this->IsEngineCountable()) {
    GroupStatistics::CountEngine(this, -1);
    if (this->IsPrimaryVehicle()) GroupStatistics::CountVehicle(this, -1);
    GroupStatistics::UpdateAutoreplace(this->owner);
 
    if (this->owner == _local_company) InvalidateAutoreplaceWindow(this->engine_type, this->group_id);
    DeleteGroupHighlightOfVehicle(this);
  }
 
  Company::Get(this->owner)->freeunits[this->type].ReleaseID(this->unitnumber);
 
  if (this->type == VehicleType::Aircraft && this->IsPrimaryVehicle()) {
    Aircraft *a = Aircraft::From(this);
    Station *st = GetTargetAirportIfValid(a);
    if (st != nullptr) {
      const auto &layout = st->airport.GetFTA()->layout;
      st->airport.blocks.Reset(layout[a->previous_pos].blocks | layout[a->pos].blocks);
    }
  }
 
 
  if (this->type == VehicleType::Road && this->IsPrimaryVehicle()) {
    RoadVehicle *v = RoadVehicle::From(this);
    if (!v->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Crashed) && IsInsideMM(v->state, RVSB_IN_DT_ROAD_STOP, RVSB_IN_DT_ROAD_STOP_END)) {
      /* Leave the drive through roadstop, when you have not already left it. */
      RoadStop::GetByTile(v->tile, GetRoadStopType(v->tile))->Leave(v);
    }
 
    if (v->disaster_vehicle != VehicleID::Invalid()) ReleaseDisasterVehicle(v->disaster_vehicle);
  }
 
  if (this->Previous() == nullptr) {
    InvalidateWindowData(WC_VEHICLE_DEPOT, this->tile);
  }
 
  if (this->IsPrimaryVehicle()) {
    CloseWindowById(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index);
    CloseWindowById(WC_VEHICLE_ORDERS, this->index);
    CloseWindowById(WC_VEHICLE_REFIT, this->index);
    CloseWindowById(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, this->index);
    CloseWindowById(WC_VEHICLE_TIMETABLE, this->index);
    SetWindowDirty(WC_COMPANY, this->owner);
    OrderBackup::ClearVehicle(this);
  }
  InvalidateWindowClassesData(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(this->type), 0);
 
  this->cargo.Truncate();
  DeleteVehicleOrders(this);
  DeleteDepotHighlightOfVehicle(this);
 
  StopGlobalFollowVehicle(this);
}
 
Vehicle::~Vehicle()
{
  if (CleaningPool()) {
    this->cargo.OnCleanPool();
    return;
  }
 
  /* sometimes, eg. for disaster vehicles, when company bankrupts, when removing crashed/flooded vehicles,
   * it may happen that vehicle chain is deleted when visible */
  if (!this->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Hidden)) this->MarkAllViewportsDirty();
 
  Vehicle *v = this->Next();
  this->SetNext(nullptr);
 
  delete v;
 
  UpdateVehicleTileHash(this, true);
  UpdateVehicleViewportHash(this, INVALID_COORD, 0, this->sprite_cache.old_coord.left, this->sprite_cache.old_coord.top);
  if (this->type != VehicleType::Effect) {
    DeleteVehicleNews(this->index);
    DeleteNewGRFInspectWindow(GetGrfSpecFeature(this->type), this->index);
  }
}

static void VehicleEnteredDepotThisTick(Vehicle *v)
{
  /* Vehicle should stop in the depot if it was in 'stopping' state */
  _vehicles_to_autoreplace[v->index] = !v->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Stopped);
 
  /* We ALWAYS set the stopped state. Even when the vehicle does not plan on
   * stopping in the depot, so we stop it to ensure that it will not reserve
   * the path out of the depot before we might autoreplace it to a different
   * engine. The new engine would not own the reserved path we store that we
   * stopped the vehicle, so autoreplace can start it again */
  v->vehstatus.Set(VehState::Stopped);
}

void RunVehicleCalendarDayProc()
{
  if (_game_mode != GM_NORMAL) return;
 
  /* Run the calendar day proc for every DAY_TICKS vehicle starting at TimerGameCalendar::date_fract. */
  for (size_t i = TimerGameCalendar::date_fract; i < Vehicle::GetPoolSize(); i += Ticks::DAY_TICKS) {
    Vehicle *v = Vehicle::Get(i);
    if (v == nullptr) continue;
    v->OnNewCalendarDay();
  }
}

static void RunEconomyVehicleDayProc()
{
  if (_game_mode != GM_NORMAL) return;
 
  /* Run the economy day proc for every DAY_TICKS vehicle starting at TimerGameEconomy::date_fract. */
  for (size_t i = TimerGameEconomy::date_fract; i < Vehicle::GetPoolSize(); i += Ticks::DAY_TICKS) {
    Vehicle *v = Vehicle::Get(i);
    if (v == nullptr) continue;
 
    /* Call the 32-day callback if needed */
    if ((v->day_counter & 0x1F) == 0 && v->HasEngineType()) {
      uint16_t callback = GetVehicleCallback(CBID_VEHICLE_32DAY_CALLBACK, 0, 0, v->engine_type, v);
      if (callback != CALLBACK_FAILED) {
        if (HasBit(callback, 0)) {
          TriggerVehicleRandomisation(v, VehicleRandomTrigger::Callback32); // Trigger vehicle trigger 10
        }
 
        /* After a vehicle trigger, the graphics and properties of the vehicle could change.
         * Note: MarkDirty also invalidates the palette, which is the meaning of bit 1. So, nothing special there. */
        if (callback != 0) v->First()->MarkDirty();
 
        if (callback & ~3) ErrorUnknownCallbackResult(v->GetGRFID(), CBID_VEHICLE_32DAY_CALLBACK, callback);
      }
    }
 
    /* This is called once per day for each vehicle, but not in the first tick of the day */
    v->OnNewEconomyDay();
  }
}
 
void CallVehicleTicks()
{
  _vehicles_to_autoreplace.clear();
 
  RunEconomyVehicleDayProc();
 
  {
    PerformanceMeasurer framerate(PFE_GL_ECONOMY);
    for (Station *st : Station::Iterate()) LoadUnloadStation(st);
  }
  PerformanceAccumulator::Reset(PFE_GL_TRAINS);
  PerformanceAccumulator::Reset(PFE_GL_ROADVEHS);
  PerformanceAccumulator::Reset(PFE_GL_SHIPS);
  PerformanceAccumulator::Reset(PFE_GL_AIRCRAFT);
 
  for (Vehicle *v : Vehicle::Iterate()) {
    [[maybe_unused]] VehicleID vehicle_index = v->index;
 
    /* Vehicle could be deleted in this tick */
    if (!v->Tick()) {
      assert(Vehicle::Get(vehicle_index) == nullptr);
      continue;
    }
 
    assert(Vehicle::Get(vehicle_index) == v);
 
    switch (v->type) {
      default: break;
 
      case VehicleType::Train:
      case VehicleType::Road:
      case VehicleType::Aircraft:
      case VehicleType::Ship: {
        Vehicle *front = v->First();
 
        if (v->vcache.cached_cargo_age_period != 0) {
          v->cargo_age_counter = std::min(v->cargo_age_counter, v->vcache.cached_cargo_age_period);
          if (--v->cargo_age_counter == 0) {
            v->cargo.AgeCargo();
            v->cargo_age_counter = v->vcache.cached_cargo_age_period;
          }
        }
 
        /* Do not play any sound when crashed */
        if (front->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Crashed)) continue;
 
        /* Do not play any sound when in depot or tunnel */
        if (v->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Hidden)) continue;
 
        /* Do not play any sound when stopped */
        if (front->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Stopped) && (front->type != VehicleType::Train || front->cur_speed == 0)) continue;
 
        /* Update motion counter for animation purposes. */
        v->motion_counter += front->cur_speed;
 
        /* Check vehicle type specifics */
        switch (v->type) {
          case VehicleType::Train:
            if (!Train::From(v)->IsEngine()) continue;
            break;
 
          case VehicleType::Road:
            if (!RoadVehicle::From(v)->IsFrontEngine()) continue;
            break;
 
          case VehicleType::Aircraft:
            if (!Aircraft::From(v)->IsNormalAircraft()) continue;
            break;
 
          default:
            break;
        }
 
        /* Play a running sound if the motion counter passes 256 (Do we not skip sounds?) */
        if (GB(v->motion_counter, 0, 8) < front->cur_speed) PlayVehicleSound(v, VSE_RUNNING);
 
        /* Play an alternating running sound every 16 ticks */
        if (GB(v->tick_counter, 0, 4) == 0) {
          /* Play running sound when speed > 0 and not braking */
          bool running = (front->cur_speed > 0) && !front->vehstatus.Any({VehState::Stopped, VehState::TrainSlowing});
          PlayVehicleSound(v, running ? VSE_RUNNING_16 : VSE_STOPPED_16);
        }
 
        break;
      }
    }
  }
 
  for (auto &it : _vehicles_to_autoreplace) {
    Vehicle *v = Vehicle::Get(it.first);
    /* Autoreplace needs the current company set as the vehicle owner */
    AutoRestoreBackup cur_company(_current_company, v->owner);
 
    /* Start vehicle if we stopped them in VehicleEnteredDepotThisTick()
     * We need to stop them between VehicleEnteredDepotThisTick() and here or we risk that
     * they are already leaving the depot again before being replaced. */
    if (it.second) v->vehstatus.Reset(VehState::Stopped);
 
    /* Store the position of the effect as the vehicle pointer will become invalid later */
    int x = v->x_pos;
    int y = v->y_pos;
    int z = v->z_pos;
 
    const Company *c = Company::Get(_current_company);
    SubtractMoneyFromCompany(_current_company, CommandCost(ExpensesType::NewVehicles, (Money)c->settings.engine_renew_money));
    CommandCost res = Command<Commands::AutoreplaceVehicle>::Do(DoCommandFlag::Execute, v->index);
    SubtractMoneyFromCompany(_current_company, CommandCost(ExpensesType::NewVehicles, -(Money)c->settings.engine_renew_money));
 
    if (!IsLocalCompany()) continue;
 
    if (res.Succeeded()) {
      ShowCostOrIncomeAnimation(x, y, z, res.GetCost());
      continue;
    }
 
    StringID error_message = res.GetErrorMessage();
    if (error_message == STR_ERROR_AUTOREPLACE_NOTHING_TO_DO || error_message == INVALID_STRING_ID) continue;
 
    if (error_message == STR_ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_CASH_REQUIRES_CURRENCY) error_message = STR_ERROR_AUTOREPLACE_MONEY_LIMIT;
 
    EncodedString headline;
    if (error_message == STR_ERROR_TRAIN_TOO_LONG_AFTER_REPLACEMENT) {
      headline = GetEncodedString(error_message, v->index);
    } else {
      headline = GetEncodedString(STR_NEWS_VEHICLE_AUTORENEW_FAILED, v->index, error_message, std::monostate{});
    }
 
    AddVehicleAdviceNewsItem(AdviceType::AutorenewFailed, std::move(headline), v->index);
  }
}

static void DoDrawVehicle(const Vehicle *v)
{
  PaletteID pal = PAL_NONE;
 
  if (v->vehstatus.Test(VehState::DefaultPalette)) pal = v->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Crashed) ? PALETTE_CRASH : GetVehiclePalette(v);
 
  /* Check whether the vehicle shall be transparent due to the game state */
  bool shadowed = v->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Shadow);
 
  if (v->type == VehicleType::Effect) {
    /* Check whether the vehicle shall be transparent/invisible due to GUI settings.
     * However, transparent smoke and bubbles look weird, so always hide them. */
    TransparencyOption to = EffectVehicle::From(v)->GetTransparencyOption();
    if (to != TO_INVALID && (IsTransparencySet(to) || IsInvisibilitySet(to))) return;
  }
 
  StartSpriteCombine();
  for (uint i = 0; i < v->sprite_cache.sprite_seq.count; ++i) {
    PaletteID pal2 = v->sprite_cache.sprite_seq.seq[i].pal;
    if (!pal2 || v->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Crashed)) pal2 = pal;
    AddSortableSpriteToDraw(v->sprite_cache.sprite_seq.seq[i].sprite, pal2, v->x_pos, v->y_pos, v->z_pos, v->bounds, shadowed);
  }
  EndSpriteCombine();
}

void ViewportAddVehicles(DrawPixelInfo *dpi)
{
  /* The bounding rectangle */
  const int l = dpi->left;
  const int r = dpi->left + dpi->width;
  const int t = dpi->top;
  const int b = dpi->top + dpi->height;
 
  /* Border size of MAX_VEHICLE_PIXEL_xy */
  const int xb = MAX_VEHICLE_PIXEL_X * ZOOM_BASE;
  const int yb = MAX_VEHICLE_PIXEL_Y * ZOOM_BASE;
 
  /* The hash area to scan */
  uint xl, xu, yl, yu;
 
  if (static_cast<uint>(dpi->width + xb) < GEN_HASHX_SIZE) {
    xl = GetViewportHashX(l - xb);
    xu = GetViewportHashX(r);
  } else {
    /* scan whole hash row */
    xl = 0;
    xu = GEN_HASHX_MASK;
  }
 
  if (static_cast<uint>(dpi->height + yb) < GEN_HASHY_SIZE) {
    yl = GetViewportHashY(t - yb);
    yu = GetViewportHashY(b);
  } else {
    /* scan whole column */
    yl = 0;
    yu = GEN_HASHY_MASK;
  }
 
  for (uint y = yl;; y = (y + GEN_HASHY_INC) & GEN_HASHY_MASK) {
    for (uint x = xl;; x = (x + GEN_HASHX_INC) & GEN_HASHX_MASK) {
      const Vehicle *v = _vehicle_viewport_hash[x + y]; // already masked & 0xFFF
 
      while (v != nullptr) {
 
        if (!v->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Hidden) &&
          l <= v->coord.right + xb &&
          t <= v->coord.bottom + yb &&
          r >= v->coord.left - xb &&
          b >= v->coord.top - yb)
        {
          /*
           * This vehicle can potentially be drawn as part of this viewport and
           * needs to be revalidated, as the sprite may not be correct.
           */
          if (v->sprite_cache.revalidate_before_draw) {
            VehicleSpriteSeq seq;
            v->GetImage(v->direction, EIT_ON_MAP, &seq);
 
            if (seq.IsValid() && v->sprite_cache.sprite_seq != seq) {
              v->sprite_cache.sprite_seq = seq;
              /*
               * A sprite change may also result in a bounding box change,
               * so we need to update the bounding box again before we
               * check to see if the vehicle should be drawn. Note that
               * we can't interfere with the viewport hash at this point,
               * so we keep the original hash on the assumption there will
               * not be a significant change in the top and left coordinates
               * of the vehicle.
               */
              v->UpdateBoundingBoxCoordinates(false);
 
            }
 
            v->sprite_cache.revalidate_before_draw = false;
          }
 
          if (l <= v->coord.right &&
            t <= v->coord.bottom &&
            r >= v->coord.left &&
            b >= v->coord.top) DoDrawVehicle(v);
        }
 
        v = v->hash_viewport_next;
      }
 
      if (x == xu) break;
    }
 
    if (y == yu) break;
  }
}

Vehicle *CheckClickOnVehicle(const Viewport &vp, int x, int y)
{
  Vehicle *found = nullptr;
  uint dist, best_dist = UINT_MAX;
 
  x -= vp.left;
  y -= vp.top;
  if (!IsInsideMM(x, 0, vp.width) || !IsInsideMM(y, 0, vp.height)) return nullptr;
 
  x = ScaleByZoom(x, vp.zoom) + vp.virtual_left;
  y = ScaleByZoom(y, vp.zoom) + vp.virtual_top;
 
  /* Border size of MAX_VEHICLE_PIXEL_xy */
  const int xb = MAX_VEHICLE_PIXEL_X * ZOOM_BASE;
  const int yb = MAX_VEHICLE_PIXEL_Y * ZOOM_BASE;
 
  /* The hash area to scan */
  uint xl = GetViewportHashX(x - xb);
  uint xu = GetViewportHashX(x);
  uint yl = GetViewportHashY(y - yb);
  uint yu = GetViewportHashY(y);
 
  for (uint hy = yl;; hy = (hy + GEN_HASHY_INC) & GEN_HASHY_MASK) {
    for (uint hx = xl;; hx = (hx + GEN_HASHX_INC) & GEN_HASHX_MASK) {
      Vehicle *v = _vehicle_viewport_hash[hx + hy]; // already masked & 0xFFF
 
      while (v != nullptr) {
        if (!v->vehstatus.Any({VehState::Hidden, VehState::Unclickable}) &&
          x >= v->coord.left && x <= v->coord.right &&
          y >= v->coord.top && y <= v->coord.bottom) {
 
          dist = std::max(
            abs(((v->coord.left + v->coord.right) >> 1) - x),
            abs(((v->coord.top + v->coord.bottom) >> 1) - y)
          );
 
          if (dist < best_dist) {
            found = v;
            best_dist = dist;
          }
        }
        v = v->hash_viewport_next;
      }
      if (hx == xu) break;
    }
    if (hy == yu) break;
  }
 
  return found;
}

void DecreaseVehicleValue(Vehicle *v)
{
  v->value -= v->value >> 8;
  SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, v->index);
}
 
static const uint8_t _breakdown_chance[64] = {
    3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,
    4,   4,   5,   5,   6,   6,   7,   7,
    8,   8,   9,   9,  10,  10,  11,  11,
   12,  13,  13,  13,  13,  14,  15,  16,
   17,  19,  21,  25,  28,  31,  34,  37,
   40,  44,  48,  52,  56,  60,  64,  68,
   72,  80,  90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140,
  150, 170, 190, 210, 230, 250, 250, 250,
};

void CheckVehicleBreakdown(Vehicle *v)
{
  /* Vehicles in the menu don't break down. */
  if (_game_mode == GM_MENU) return;
 
  /* If both breakdowns and automatic servicing are disabled, we don't decrease reliability or break down. */
  if (_settings_game.difficulty.vehicle_breakdowns == VehicleBreakdowns::None && _settings_game.order.no_servicing_if_no_breakdowns) return;
 
  /* With Reduced breakdowns, vehicles (un)loading at stations don't lose reliability. */
  if (_settings_game.difficulty.vehicle_breakdowns == VehicleBreakdowns::Reduced && v->current_order.IsType(OT_LOADING)) return;
 
  /* Decrease reliability. */
  int rel, rel_old;
  v->reliability = rel = std::max((rel_old = v->reliability) - v->reliability_spd_dec, 0);
  if ((rel_old >> 8) != (rel >> 8)) SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, v->index);
 
  /* Some vehicles lose reliability but won't break down. */
  /* Breakdowns are disabled. */
  if (_settings_game.difficulty.vehicle_breakdowns == VehicleBreakdowns::None) return;
  /* The vehicle is already broken down. */
  if (v->breakdown_ctr != 0) return;
  /* The vehicle is stopped or going very slow. */
  if (v->cur_speed < 5) return;
  /* The vehicle has been manually stopped. */
  if (v->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Stopped)) return;
 
  /* Time to consider breaking down. */
 
  uint32_t r = Random();
 
  /* Increase chance of failure. */
  int chance = v->breakdown_chance + 1;
  if (Chance16I(1, 25, r)) chance += 25;
  v->breakdown_chance = ClampTo<uint8_t>(chance);
 
  /* Calculate reliability value to use in comparison. */
  rel = v->reliability;
  if (v->type == VehicleType::Ship) rel += 0x6666;
 
  /* Reduce the chance if the player has chosen the Reduced setting. */
  if (_settings_game.difficulty.vehicle_breakdowns == VehicleBreakdowns::Reduced) rel += 0x6666;
 
  /* Check the random chance and inform the vehicle of the result. */
  if (_breakdown_chance[ClampTo<uint16_t>(rel) >> 10] <= v->breakdown_chance) {
    v->breakdown_ctr    = GB(r, 16, 6) + 0x3F;
    v->breakdown_delay  = GB(r, 24, 7) + 0x80;
    v->breakdown_chance = 0;
  }
}

bool Vehicle::HandleBreakdown()
{
  /* Possible states for Vehicle::breakdown_ctr
   * 0  - vehicle is running normally
   * 1  - vehicle is currently broken down
   * 2  - vehicle is going to break down now
   * >2 - vehicle is counting down to the actual breakdown event */
  switch (this->breakdown_ctr) {
    case 0:
      return false;
 
    case 2:
      this->breakdown_ctr = 1;
 
      if (this->breakdowns_since_last_service != 255) {
        this->breakdowns_since_last_service++;
      }
 
      if (this->type == VehicleType::Aircraft) {
        /* Aircraft just need this flag, the rest is handled elsewhere */
        this->vehstatus.Set(VehState::AircraftBroken);
      } else {
        this->cur_speed = 0;
 
        if (!PlayVehicleSound(this, VSE_BREAKDOWN)) {
          bool train_or_ship = this->type == VehicleType::Train || this->type == VehicleType::Ship;
          SndPlayVehicleFx((_settings_game.game_creation.landscape != LandscapeType::Toyland) ?
            (train_or_ship ? SND_10_BREAKDOWN_TRAIN_SHIP : SND_0F_BREAKDOWN_ROADVEHICLE) :
            (train_or_ship ? SND_3A_BREAKDOWN_TRAIN_SHIP_TOYLAND : SND_35_BREAKDOWN_ROADVEHICLE_TOYLAND), this);
        }
 
        if (!this->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Hidden) && !EngInfo(this->engine_type)->misc_flags.Test(EngineMiscFlag::NoBreakdownSmoke)) {
          EffectVehicle *u = CreateEffectVehicleRel(this, 4, 4, 5, EV_BREAKDOWN_SMOKE);
          if (u != nullptr) u->animation_state = this->breakdown_delay * 2;
        }
      }
 
      this->MarkDirty(); // Update graphics after speed is zeroed
      SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index);
      SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, this->index);
 
      [[fallthrough]];
    case 1:
      /* Aircraft breakdowns end only when arriving at the airport */
      if (this->type == VehicleType::Aircraft) return false;
 
      /* For trains this function is called twice per tick, so decrease v->breakdown_delay at half the rate */
      if ((this->tick_counter & (this->type == VehicleType::Train ? 3 : 1)) == 0) {
        if (--this->breakdown_delay == 0) {
          this->breakdown_ctr = 0;
          this->MarkDirty();
          SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index);
        }
      }
      return true;
 
    default:
      if (!this->current_order.IsType(OT_LOADING)) this->breakdown_ctr--;
      return false;
  }
}

void EconomyAgeVehicle(Vehicle *v)
{
  if (v->economy_age < EconomyTime::MAX_DATE) {
    v->economy_age++;
    if (v->IsPrimaryVehicle() && v->economy_age == VEHICLE_PROFIT_MIN_AGE + 1) GroupStatistics::VehicleReachedMinAge(v);
  }
}

void AgeVehicle(Vehicle *v)
{
  if (v->age < CalendarTime::MAX_DATE) v->age++;
 
  if (!v->IsPrimaryVehicle() && (v->type != VehicleType::Train || !Train::From(v)->IsEngine())) return;
 
  auto age = v->age - v->max_age;
  for (int32_t i = 0; i <= 4; i++) {
    if (age == TimerGameCalendar::DateAtStartOfYear(TimerGameCalendar::Year{i})) {
      v->reliability_spd_dec <<= 1;
      break;
    }
  }
 
  SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, v->index);
 
  /* Don't warn if warnings are disabled */
  if (!_settings_client.gui.old_vehicle_warn) return;
 
  /* Don't warn about vehicles which are non-primary (e.g., part of an articulated vehicle), don't belong to us, are crashed, or are stopped */
  if (v->Previous() != nullptr || v->owner != _local_company || v->vehstatus.Any({VehState::Crashed, VehState::Stopped})) return;
 
  const Company *c = Company::Get(v->owner);
  /* Don't warn if a renew is active */
  if (c->settings.engine_renew && v->GetEngine()->company_avail.Any()) return;
  /* Don't warn if a replacement is active */
  if (EngineHasReplacementForCompany(c, v->engine_type, v->group_id)) return;
 
  StringID str;
  if (age == TimerGameCalendar::DateAtStartOfYear(TimerGameCalendar::Year{-1})) {
    str = STR_NEWS_VEHICLE_IS_GETTING_OLD;
  } else if (age == TimerGameCalendar::DateAtStartOfYear(TimerGameCalendar::Year{0})) {
    str = STR_NEWS_VEHICLE_IS_GETTING_VERY_OLD;
  } else if (age > TimerGameCalendar::DateAtStartOfYear(TimerGameCalendar::Year{0}) && (age.base() % CalendarTime::DAYS_IN_LEAP_YEAR) == 0) {
    str = STR_NEWS_VEHICLE_IS_GETTING_VERY_OLD_AND;
  } else {
    return;
  }
 
  AddVehicleAdviceNewsItem(AdviceType::VehicleOld, GetEncodedString(str, v->index), v->index);
}

uint8_t CalcPercentVehicleFilled(const Vehicle *front, StringID *colour)
{
  int count = 0;
  int max = 0;
  int cars = 0;
  int unloading = 0;
  bool loading = false;
 
  bool is_loading = front->current_order.IsType(OT_LOADING);
 
  /* The station may be nullptr when the (colour) string does not need to be set. */
  const Station *st = Station::GetIfValid(front->last_station_visited);
  assert(colour == nullptr || (st != nullptr && is_loading));
 
  bool order_no_load = is_loading && front->current_order.GetLoadType() == OrderLoadType::NoLoad;
  bool order_full_load = is_loading && front->current_order.IsFullLoadOrder();
 
  /* Count up max and used */
  for (const Vehicle *v = front; v != nullptr; v = v->Next()) {
    count += v->cargo.StoredCount();
    max += v->cargo_cap;
    if (v->cargo_cap != 0 && colour != nullptr) {
      unloading += v->vehicle_flags.Test(VehicleFlag::CargoUnloading) ? 1 : 0;
      loading |= !order_no_load &&
          (order_full_load || st->goods[v->cargo_type].HasRating()) &&
          !front->vehicle_flags.Test(VehicleFlag::LoadingFinished) && !front->vehicle_flags.Test(VehicleFlag::StopLoading);
      cars++;
    }
  }
 
  if (colour != nullptr) {
    if (unloading == 0 && loading) {
      *colour = STR_PERCENT_UP;
    } else if (unloading == 0 && !loading) {
      *colour = STR_PERCENT_NONE;
    } else if (cars == unloading || !loading) {
      *colour = STR_PERCENT_DOWN;
    } else {
      *colour = STR_PERCENT_UP_DOWN;
    }
  }
 
  /* Train without capacity */
  if (max == 0) return 100;
 
  /* Return the percentage */
  if (count * 2 < max) {
    /* Less than 50%; round up, so that 0% means really empty. */
    return CeilDiv(count * 100, max);
  } else {
    /* More than 50%; round down, so that 100% means really full. */
    return (count * 100) / max;
  }
}

void VehicleEnterDepot(Vehicle *v)
{
  /* Always work with the front of the vehicle */
  assert(v == v->First());
 
  switch (v->type) {
    case VehicleType::Train: {
      Train *t = Train::From(v);
      SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_TRAINS_LIST);
      /* Clear path reservation */
      SetDepotReservation(t->tile, false);
      if (_settings_client.gui.show_track_reservation) MarkTileDirtyByTile(t->tile);
 
      UpdateSignalsOnSegment(t->tile, INVALID_DIAGDIR, t->owner);
      t->wait_counter = 0;
      t->force_proceed = TFP_NONE;
      t->flags.Reset(VehicleRailFlag::Reversed);
      t->ConsistChanged(CCF_ARRANGE);
      break;
    }
 
    case VehicleType::Road:
      SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_ROADVEH_LIST);
      break;
 
    case VehicleType::Ship: {
      SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_SHIPS_LIST);
      Ship *ship = Ship::From(v);
      ship->state = TRACK_BIT_DEPOT;
      ship->UpdateCache();
      ship->UpdateViewport(true, true);
      SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DEPOT, v->tile);
      break;
    }
 
    case VehicleType::Aircraft:
      SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_AIRCRAFT_LIST);
      HandleAircraftEnterHangar(Aircraft::From(v));
      break;
    default: NOT_REACHED();
  }
  if (v->type != VehicleType::Train) {
    /* Trains update the vehicle list when the first unit enters the depot and calls VehicleEnterDepot() when the last unit enters.
     * We only increase the number of vehicles when the first one enters, so we will not need to search for more vehicles in the depot */
    InvalidateWindowData(WC_VEHICLE_DEPOT, v->tile);
  }
  SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DEPOT, v->tile);
 
  v->vehstatus.Set(VehState::Hidden);
  v->cur_speed = 0;
 
  VehicleServiceInDepot(v);
 
  /* Store that the vehicle entered a depot this tick */
  VehicleEnteredDepotThisTick(v);
 
  /* After a vehicle trigger, the graphics and properties of the vehicle could change. */
  TriggerVehicleRandomisation(v, VehicleRandomTrigger::Depot);
  v->MarkDirty();
 
  InvalidateWindowData(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, v->index);
 
  if (v->current_order.IsType(OT_GOTO_DEPOT)) {
    const Order *real_order = v->GetOrder(v->cur_real_order_index);
 
    /* Test whether we are heading for this depot. If not, do nothing.
     * Note: The target depot for nearest-/manual-depot-orders is only updated on junctions, but we want to accept every depot. */
    if (v->current_order.GetDepotOrderType().Test(OrderDepotTypeFlag::PartOfOrders) &&
        real_order != nullptr && !real_order->GetDepotActionType().Test(OrderDepotActionFlag::NearestDepot) &&
        (v->type == VehicleType::Aircraft ? v->current_order.GetDestination() != GetStationIndex(v->tile) : v->dest_tile != v->tile)) {
      /* We are heading for another depot, keep driving. */
      return;
    }
 
    if (v->current_order.IsRefit()) {
      AutoRestoreBackup cur_company(_current_company, v->owner);
      CommandCost cost = std::get<0>(Command<Commands::RefitVehicle>::Do(DoCommandFlag::Execute, v->index, v->current_order.GetRefitCargo(), 0xFF, false, false, 0));
 
      if (cost.Failed()) {
        _vehicles_to_autoreplace[v->index] = false;
        if (v->owner == _local_company) {
          /* Notify the user that we stopped the vehicle */
          AddVehicleAdviceNewsItem(AdviceType::RefitFailed, GetEncodedString(STR_NEWS_ORDER_REFIT_FAILED, v->index), v->index);
        }
      } else if (cost.GetCost() != 0) {
        v->profit_this_year -= cost.GetCost() << 8;
        if (v->owner == _local_company) {
          ShowCostOrIncomeAnimation(v->x_pos, v->y_pos, v->z_pos, cost.GetCost());
        }
      }
    }
 
    if (v->current_order.GetDepotOrderType().Test(OrderDepotTypeFlag::PartOfOrders)) {
      /* Part of orders */
      v->DeleteUnreachedImplicitOrders();
      UpdateVehicleTimetable(v, true);
      v->IncrementImplicitOrderIndex();
    }
    if (v->current_order.GetDepotActionType().Test(OrderDepotActionFlag::Halt)) {
      /* Vehicles are always stopped on entering depots. Do not restart this one. */
      _vehicles_to_autoreplace[v->index] = false;
      /* Invalidate last_loading_station. As the link from the station
       * before the stop to the station after the stop can't be predicted
       * we shouldn't construct it when the vehicle visits the next stop. */
      v->last_loading_station = StationID::Invalid();
 
      /* Clear unbunching data. */
      v->ResetDepotUnbunching();
 
      /* Announce that the vehicle is waiting to players and AIs. */
      if (v->owner == _local_company) {
        AddVehicleAdviceNewsItem(AdviceType::VehicleWaiting, GetEncodedString(STR_NEWS_TRAIN_IS_WAITING + to_underlying(v->type), v->index), v->index);
      }
      AI::NewEvent(v->owner, new ScriptEventVehicleWaitingInDepot(v->index));
    }
 
    /* If we've entered our unbunching depot, record the round trip duration. */
    if (v->current_order.GetDepotActionType().Test(OrderDepotActionFlag::Unbunch) && v->depot_unbunching_last_departure > 0) {
      TimerGameTick::Ticks measured_round_trip = TimerGameTick::counter - v->depot_unbunching_last_departure;
      if (v->round_trip_time == 0) {
        /* This might be our first round trip. */
        v->round_trip_time = measured_round_trip;
      } else {
        /* If we have a previous trip, smooth the effects of outlier trip calculations caused by jams or other interference. */
        v->round_trip_time = Clamp(measured_round_trip, (v->round_trip_time / 2), ClampTo<TimerGameTick::Ticks>(v->round_trip_time * 2));
      }
    }
 
    v->current_order.MakeDummy();
  }
}
 

void Vehicle::UpdatePosition()
{
  UpdateVehicleTileHash(this, false);
}

void Vehicle::UpdateBoundingBoxCoordinates(bool update_cache) const
{
  Rect new_coord;
  this->sprite_cache.sprite_seq.GetBounds(&new_coord);
 
  /* z-bounds are not used. */
  Point pt = RemapCoords(this->x_pos + this->bounds.origin.x + this->bounds.offset.x, this->y_pos + this->bounds.origin.y + this->bounds.offset.y, this->z_pos);
  new_coord.left   += pt.x;
  new_coord.top    += pt.y;
  new_coord.right  += pt.x + 2 * ZOOM_BASE;
  new_coord.bottom += pt.y + 2 * ZOOM_BASE;
 
  extern bool _draw_bounding_boxes;
  if (_draw_bounding_boxes) {
    int x = this->x_pos + this->bounds.origin.x;
    int y = this->y_pos + this->bounds.origin.y;
    int z = this->z_pos + this->bounds.origin.z;
    new_coord.left   = std::min(new_coord.left, RemapCoords(x + bounds.extent.x, y, z).x);
    new_coord.right  = std::max(new_coord.right, RemapCoords(x, y + bounds.extent.y, z).x + 1);
    new_coord.top    = std::min(new_coord.top, RemapCoords(x, y, z + bounds.extent.z).y);
    new_coord.bottom = std::max(new_coord.bottom, RemapCoords(x + bounds.extent.x, y + bounds.extent.y, z).y + 1);
  }
 
  if (update_cache) {
    /*
     * If the old coordinates are invalid, set the cache to the new coordinates for correct
     * behaviour the next time the coordinate cache is checked.
     */
    this->sprite_cache.old_coord = this->coord.left == INVALID_COORD ? new_coord : this->coord;
  }
  else {
    /* Extend the bounds of the existing cached bounding box so the next dirty window is correct */
    this->sprite_cache.old_coord.left   = std::min(this->sprite_cache.old_coord.left,   this->coord.left);
    this->sprite_cache.old_coord.top    = std::min(this->sprite_cache.old_coord.top,    this->coord.top);
    this->sprite_cache.old_coord.right  = std::max(this->sprite_cache.old_coord.right,  this->coord.right);
    this->sprite_cache.old_coord.bottom = std::max(this->sprite_cache.old_coord.bottom, this->coord.bottom);
  }
 
  this->coord = new_coord;
}

void Vehicle::UpdateViewport(bool dirty)
{
  /* If the existing cache is invalid we should ignore it, as it will be set to the current coords by UpdateBoundingBoxCoordinates */
  bool ignore_cached_coords = this->sprite_cache.old_coord.left == INVALID_COORD;
 
  this->UpdateBoundingBoxCoordinates(true);
 
  if (ignore_cached_coords) {
    UpdateVehicleViewportHash(this, this->coord.left, this->coord.top, INVALID_COORD, INVALID_COORD);
  } else {
    UpdateVehicleViewportHash(this, this->coord.left, this->coord.top, this->sprite_cache.old_coord.left, this->sprite_cache.old_coord.top);
  }
 
  if (dirty) {
    if (ignore_cached_coords) {
      this->sprite_cache.is_viewport_candidate = this->MarkAllViewportsDirty();
    } else {
      this->sprite_cache.is_viewport_candidate = ::MarkAllViewportsDirty(
        std::min(this->sprite_cache.old_coord.left, this->coord.left),
        std::min(this->sprite_cache.old_coord.top, this->coord.top),
        std::max(this->sprite_cache.old_coord.right, this->coord.right),
        std::max(this->sprite_cache.old_coord.bottom, this->coord.bottom));
    }
  }
}

void Vehicle::UpdatePositionAndViewport()
{
  if (this->type != VehicleType::Effect) this->UpdatePosition();
  this->UpdateViewport(true);
}

bool Vehicle::MarkAllViewportsDirty() const
{
  return ::MarkAllViewportsDirty(this->coord.left, this->coord.top, this->coord.right, this->coord.bottom);
}

GetNewVehiclePosResult GetNewVehiclePos(const Vehicle *v)
{
  static const int8_t _delta_coord[16] = {
    -1,-1,-1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, /* x */
    -1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0,-1,-1, /* y */
  };
 
  int x = v->x_pos + _delta_coord[v->GetMovingDirection()];
  int y = v->y_pos + _delta_coord[v->GetMovingDirection() + 8];
 
  GetNewVehiclePosResult gp;
  gp.x = x;
  gp.y = y;
  gp.old_tile = v->tile;
  gp.new_tile = TileVirtXY(x, y);
  return gp;
}
 
static const Direction _new_direction_table[] = {
  DIR_N,  DIR_NW, DIR_W,
  DIR_NE, DIR_SE, DIR_SW,
  DIR_E,  DIR_SE, DIR_S
};
 
Direction GetDirectionTowards(const Vehicle *v, int x, int y)
{
  int i = 0;
 
  if (y >= v->y_pos) {
    if (y != v->y_pos) i += 3;
    i += 3;
  }
 
  if (x >= v->x_pos) {
    if (x != v->x_pos) i++;
    i++;
  }
 
  Direction dir = v->GetMovingDirection();
 
  DirDiff dirdiff = DirDifference(_new_direction_table[i], dir);
  if (dirdiff == DIRDIFF_SAME) return dir;
  return ChangeDir(dir, dirdiff > DIRDIFF_REVERSE ? DIRDIFF_45LEFT : DIRDIFF_45RIGHT);
}

VehicleEnterTileStates VehicleEnterTile(Vehicle *v, TileIndex tile, int x, int y)
{
  return _tile_type_procs[GetTileType(tile)]->vehicle_enter_tile_proc(v, tile, x, y);
}

UnitID FreeUnitIDGenerator::NextID() const
{
  for (auto it = std::begin(this->used_bitmap); it != std::end(this->used_bitmap); ++it) {
    BitmapStorage available = ~(*it);
    if (available == 0) continue;
    return static_cast<UnitID>(std::distance(std::begin(this->used_bitmap), it) * BITMAP_SIZE + FindFirstBit(available) + 1);
  }
  return static_cast<UnitID>(this->used_bitmap.size() * BITMAP_SIZE + 1);
}

UnitID FreeUnitIDGenerator::UseID(UnitID index)
{
  if (index == 0 || index == UINT16_MAX) return index;
 
  index--;
 
  size_t slot = index / BITMAP_SIZE;
  if (slot >= this->used_bitmap.size()) this->used_bitmap.resize(slot + 1);
  SetBit(this->used_bitmap[index / BITMAP_SIZE], index % BITMAP_SIZE);
 
  return index + 1;
}

void FreeUnitIDGenerator::ReleaseID(UnitID index)
{
  if (index == 0 || index == UINT16_MAX) return;
 
  index--;
 
  assert(index / BITMAP_SIZE < this->used_bitmap.size());
  ClrBit(this->used_bitmap[index / BITMAP_SIZE], index % BITMAP_SIZE);
}

UnitID GetFreeUnitNumber(VehicleType type)
{
  /* Check whether it is allowed to build another vehicle. */
  uint max_veh;
  switch (type) {
    case VehicleType::Train:    max_veh = _settings_game.vehicle.max_trains;   break;
    case VehicleType::Road:     max_veh = _settings_game.vehicle.max_roadveh;  break;
    case VehicleType::Ship:     max_veh = _settings_game.vehicle.max_ships;    break;
    case VehicleType::Aircraft: max_veh = _settings_game.vehicle.max_aircraft; break;
    default: NOT_REACHED();
  }
 
  const Company *c = Company::Get(_current_company);
  if (c->group_all[type].num_vehicle >= max_veh) return UINT16_MAX; // Currently already at the limit, no room to make a new one.
 
  return c->freeunits[type].NextID();
}
 

bool CanBuildVehicleInfrastructure(VehicleType type, RoadTramType subtype)
{
  assert(IsCompanyBuildableVehicleType(type));
 
  if (!Company::IsValidID(_local_company)) return false;
 
  UnitID max;
  switch (type) {
    case VehicleType::Train:
      if (!HasAnyRailTypesAvail(_local_company)) return false;
      max = _settings_game.vehicle.max_trains;
      break;
    case VehicleType::Road:
      if (!HasAnyRoadTypesAvail(_local_company, subtype)) return false;
      max = _settings_game.vehicle.max_roadveh;
      break;
    case VehicleType::Ship:     max = _settings_game.vehicle.max_ships; break;
    case VehicleType::Aircraft: max = _settings_game.vehicle.max_aircraft; break;
    default: NOT_REACHED();
  }
 
  /* We can build vehicle infrastructure when we may build the vehicle type */
  if (max > 0) {
    /* Can we actually build the vehicle type? */
    for (const Engine *e : Engine::IterateType(type)) {
      if (type == VehicleType::Road && GetRoadTramType(e->VehInfo<RoadVehicleInfo>().roadtype) != subtype) continue;
      if (e->company_avail.Test(_local_company)) return true;
    }
    return false;
  }
 
  /* We should be able to build infrastructure when we have the actual vehicle type */
  for (const Vehicle *v : Vehicle::Iterate()) {
    if (v->type == VehicleType::Road && GetRoadTramType(RoadVehicle::From(v)->roadtype) != subtype) continue;
    if (v->owner == _local_company && v->type == type) return true;
  }
 
  return false;
}
 

LiveryScheme GetEngineLiveryScheme(EngineID engine_type, EngineID parent_engine_type, const Vehicle *v)
{
  CargoType cargo_type = v == nullptr ? INVALID_CARGO : v->cargo_type;
  const Engine *e = Engine::Get(engine_type);
  switch (e->type) {
    default: NOT_REACHED();
    case VehicleType::Train:
      if (v != nullptr && parent_engine_type != EngineID::Invalid() && (UsesWagonOverride(v) || (v->IsArticulatedPart() && e->VehInfo<RailVehicleInfo>().railveh_type != RailVehicleType::Wagon))) {
        /* Wagonoverrides use the colour scheme of the front engine.
         * Articulated parts use the colour scheme of the first part. (Not supported for articulated wagons) */
        engine_type = parent_engine_type;
        e = Engine::Get(engine_type);
        /* Note: Luckily cargo_type is not needed for engines */
      }
 
      if (!IsValidCargoType(cargo_type)) cargo_type = e->GetDefaultCargoType();
      if (!IsValidCargoType(cargo_type)) cargo_type = GetCargoTypeByLabel(CT_GOODS); // The vehicle does not carry anything, let's pick some freight cargo
      assert(IsValidCargoType(cargo_type));
      if (e->VehInfo<RailVehicleInfo>().railveh_type == RailVehicleType::Wagon) {
        if (!CargoSpec::Get(cargo_type)->is_freight) {
          if (parent_engine_type == EngineID::Invalid()) {
            return LS_PASSENGER_WAGON_STEAM;
          } else {
            bool is_mu = EngInfo(parent_engine_type)->misc_flags.Test(EngineMiscFlag::RailIsMU);
            switch (RailVehInfo(parent_engine_type)->engclass) {
              default: NOT_REACHED();
              case EngineClass::Steam: return LS_PASSENGER_WAGON_STEAM;
              case EngineClass::Diesel: return is_mu ? LS_DMU : LS_PASSENGER_WAGON_DIESEL;
              case EngineClass::Electric: return is_mu ? LS_EMU : LS_PASSENGER_WAGON_ELECTRIC;
              case EngineClass::Monorail: return LS_PASSENGER_WAGON_MONORAIL;
              case EngineClass::Maglev: return LS_PASSENGER_WAGON_MAGLEV;
            }
          }
        } else {
          return LS_FREIGHT_WAGON;
        }
      } else {
        bool is_mu = e->info.misc_flags.Test(EngineMiscFlag::RailIsMU);
 
        switch (e->VehInfo<RailVehicleInfo>().engclass) {
          default: NOT_REACHED();
          case EngineClass::Steam: return LS_STEAM;
          case EngineClass::Diesel: return is_mu ? LS_DMU : LS_DIESEL;
          case EngineClass::Electric: return is_mu ? LS_EMU : LS_ELECTRIC;
          case EngineClass::Monorail: return LS_MONORAIL;
          case EngineClass::Maglev: return LS_MAGLEV;
        }
      }
 
    case VehicleType::Road:
      /* Always use the livery of the front */
      if (v != nullptr && parent_engine_type != EngineID::Invalid()) {
        engine_type = parent_engine_type;
        e = Engine::Get(engine_type);
        cargo_type = v->First()->cargo_type;
      }
      if (!IsValidCargoType(cargo_type)) cargo_type = e->GetDefaultCargoType();
      if (!IsValidCargoType(cargo_type)) cargo_type = GetCargoTypeByLabel(CT_GOODS); // The vehicle does not carry anything, let's pick some freight cargo
      assert(IsValidCargoType(cargo_type));
 
      /* Important: Use Tram Flag of front part. Luckily engine_type refers to the front part here. */
      if (e->info.misc_flags.Test(EngineMiscFlag::RoadIsTram)) {
        /* Tram */
        return IsCargoInClass(cargo_type, CargoClass::Passengers) ? LS_PASSENGER_TRAM : LS_FREIGHT_TRAM;
      } else {
        /* Bus or truck */
        return IsCargoInClass(cargo_type, CargoClass::Passengers) ? LS_BUS : LS_TRUCK;
      }
 
    case VehicleType::Ship:
      if (!IsValidCargoType(cargo_type)) cargo_type = e->GetDefaultCargoType();
      if (!IsValidCargoType(cargo_type)) cargo_type = GetCargoTypeByLabel(CT_GOODS); // The vehicle does not carry anything, let's pick some freight cargo
      assert(IsValidCargoType(cargo_type));
      return IsCargoInClass(cargo_type, CargoClass::Passengers) ? LS_PASSENGER_SHIP : LS_FREIGHT_SHIP;
 
    case VehicleType::Aircraft:
      switch (e->VehInfo<AircraftVehicleInfo>().subtype) {
        case AIR_HELI: return LS_HELICOPTER;
        case AIR_CTOL: return LS_SMALL_PLANE;
        case AIR_CTOL | AIR_FAST: return LS_LARGE_PLANE;
        default: NOT_REACHED();
      }
  }
}

const Livery *GetEngineLivery(EngineID engine_type, CompanyID company, EngineID parent_engine_type, const Vehicle *v, uint8_t livery_setting)
{
  const Company *c = Company::Get(company);
  LiveryScheme scheme = LS_DEFAULT;
 
  if (livery_setting == LIT_ALL || (livery_setting == LIT_COMPANY && company == _local_company)) {
    if (v != nullptr) {
      const Group *g = Group::GetIfValid(v->First()->group_id);
      if (g != nullptr) {
        /* Traverse parents until we find a livery or reach the top */
        while (!g->livery.in_use.Any({Livery::Flag::Primary, Livery::Flag::Secondary}) && g->parent != GroupID::Invalid()) {
          g = Group::Get(g->parent);
        }
        if (g->livery.in_use.Any({Livery::Flag::Primary, Livery::Flag::Secondary})) return &g->livery;
      }
    }
 
    /* The default livery is always available for use, but its in_use flag determines
     * whether any _other_ liveries are in use. */
    if (c->livery[LS_DEFAULT].in_use.Any({Livery::Flag::Primary, Livery::Flag::Secondary})) {
      /* Determine the livery scheme to use */
      scheme = GetEngineLiveryScheme(engine_type, parent_engine_type, v);
    }
  }
 
  return &c->livery[scheme];
}
 
 
static PaletteID GetEngineColourMap(EngineID engine_type, CompanyID company, EngineID parent_engine_type, const Vehicle *v)
{
  PaletteID map = (v != nullptr) ? v->colourmap : PAL_NONE;
 
  /* Return cached value if any */
  if (map != PAL_NONE) return map;
 
  const Engine *e = Engine::Get(engine_type);
 
  /* Check if we should use the colour map callback */
  if (e->info.callback_mask.Test(VehicleCallbackMask::ColourRemap)) {
    uint16_t callback = GetVehicleCallback(CBID_VEHICLE_COLOUR_MAPPING, 0, 0, engine_type, v);
    /* Failure means "use the default two-colour" */
    if (callback != CALLBACK_FAILED) {
      static_assert(PAL_NONE == 0); // Returning 0x4000 (resp. 0xC000) coincidences with default value (PAL_NONE)
      map = GB(callback, 0, 14);
      /* If bit 14 is set, then the company colours are applied to the
       * map else it's returned as-is. */
      if (!HasBit(callback, 14)) {
        /* Update cache */
        if (v != nullptr) const_cast<Vehicle *>(v)->colourmap = map;
        return map;
      }
    }
  }
 
  bool twocc = e->info.misc_flags.Test(EngineMiscFlag::Uses2CC);
 
  if (map == PAL_NONE) map = twocc ? (PaletteID)SPR_2CCMAP_BASE : (PaletteID)PALETTE_RECOLOUR_START;
 
  /* Spectator has news shown too, but has invalid company ID - as well as dedicated server */
  if (!Company::IsValidID(company)) return map;
 
  const Livery *livery = GetEngineLivery(engine_type, company, parent_engine_type, v, _settings_client.gui.liveries);
 
  map += livery->GetRecolourOffset(twocc);
 
  /* Update cache */
  if (v != nullptr) const_cast<Vehicle *>(v)->colourmap = map;
  return map;
}

PaletteID GetEnginePalette(EngineID engine_type, CompanyID company)
{
  return GetEngineColourMap(engine_type, company, EngineID::Invalid(), nullptr);
}

PaletteID GetVehiclePalette(const Vehicle *v)
{
  if (v->IsGroundVehicle()) {
    return GetEngineColourMap(v->engine_type, v->owner, v->GetGroundVehicleCache()->first_engine, v);
  }
 
  return GetEngineColourMap(v->engine_type, v->owner, EngineID::Invalid(), v);
}

void Vehicle::DeleteUnreachedImplicitOrders()
{
  if (this->IsGroundVehicle()) {
    uint16_t &gv_flags = this->GetGroundVehicleFlags();
    if (HasBit(gv_flags, GVF_SUPPRESS_IMPLICIT_ORDERS)) {
      /* Do not delete orders, only skip them */
      ClrBit(gv_flags, GVF_SUPPRESS_IMPLICIT_ORDERS);
      this->cur_implicit_order_index = this->cur_real_order_index;
      InvalidateVehicleOrder(this, 0);
      return;
    }
  }
 
  auto orders = this->Orders();
  VehicleOrderID cur = this->cur_implicit_order_index;
  while (cur != INVALID_VEH_ORDER_ID) {
    if (this->cur_implicit_order_index == this->cur_real_order_index) break;
 
    if (orders[cur].IsType(OT_IMPLICIT)) {
      DeleteOrder(this, this->cur_implicit_order_index);
      /* DeleteOrder does various magic with order_indices, so resync 'order' with 'cur_implicit_order_index' */
    } else {
      /* Skip non-implicit orders, e.g. service-orders */
      if (cur < this->orders->GetNext(cur)) {
        this->cur_implicit_order_index++;
      } else {
        /* Wrapped around. */
        this->cur_implicit_order_index = 0;
      }
      cur = this->orders->GetNext(cur);
    }
  }
}

void Vehicle::BeginLoading()
{
  assert(IsTileType(this->GetMovingFront()->tile, TileType::Station) || this->type == VehicleType::Ship);
 
  TimerGameTick::Ticks travel_time = TimerGameTick::counter - this->last_loading_tick;
  if (this->current_order.IsType(OT_GOTO_STATION) &&
      this->current_order.GetDestination() == this->last_station_visited) {
    this->DeleteUnreachedImplicitOrders();
 
    /* Now both order indices point to the destination station, and we can start loading */
    this->current_order.MakeLoading(true);
    UpdateVehicleTimetable(this, true);
 
    /* Furthermore add the Non Stop flag to mark that this station
     * is the actual destination of the vehicle, which is (for example)
     * necessary to be known for HandleTrainLoading to determine
     * whether the train is lost or not; not marking a train lost
     * that arrives at random stations is bad. */
    this->current_order.SetNonStopType({OrderNonStopFlag::NonStop, OrderNonStopFlag::GoVia});
 
  } else {
    /* We weren't scheduled to stop here. Insert an implicit order
     * to show that we are stopping here.
     * While only groundvehicles have implicit orders, e.g. aircraft might still enter
     * the 'wrong' terminal when skipping orders etc. */
    Order *in_list = this->GetOrder(this->cur_implicit_order_index);
    if (this->IsGroundVehicle() &&
        (in_list == nullptr || !in_list->IsType(OT_IMPLICIT) ||
        in_list->GetDestination() != this->last_station_visited)) {
      bool suppress_implicit_orders = HasBit(this->GetGroundVehicleFlags(), GVF_SUPPRESS_IMPLICIT_ORDERS);
      /* Do not create consecutive duplicates of implicit orders */
      const Order *prev_order = this->cur_implicit_order_index > 0 ? this->GetOrder(this->cur_implicit_order_index - 1) : (this->GetNumOrders() > 1 ? this->GetLastOrder() : nullptr);
      if (prev_order == nullptr ||
          (!prev_order->IsType(OT_IMPLICIT) && !prev_order->IsType(OT_GOTO_STATION)) ||
          prev_order->GetDestination() != this->last_station_visited) {
 
        /* Prefer deleting implicit orders instead of inserting new ones,
         * so test whether the right order follows later. In case of only
         * implicit orders treat the last order in the list like an
         * explicit one, except if the overall number of orders surpasses
         * IMPLICIT_ORDER_ONLY_CAP. */
        int target_index = this->cur_implicit_order_index;
        bool found = false;
        while (target_index != this->cur_real_order_index || this->GetNumManualOrders() == 0) {
          const Order *order = this->GetOrder(target_index);
          if (order == nullptr) break; // No orders.
          if (order->IsType(OT_IMPLICIT) && order->GetDestination() == this->last_station_visited) {
            found = true;
            break;
          }
          target_index++;
          if (target_index >= this->orders->GetNumOrders()) {
            if (this->GetNumManualOrders() == 0 &&
                this->GetNumOrders() < IMPLICIT_ORDER_ONLY_CAP) {
              break;
            }
            target_index = 0;
          }
          if (target_index == this->cur_implicit_order_index) break; // Avoid infinite loop.
        }
 
        if (found) {
          if (suppress_implicit_orders) {
            /* Skip to the found order */
            this->cur_implicit_order_index = target_index;
            InvalidateVehicleOrder(this, 0);
          } else {
            /* Delete all implicit orders up to the station we just reached */
            const Order *order = this->GetOrder(this->cur_implicit_order_index);
            while (!order->IsType(OT_IMPLICIT) || order->GetDestination() != this->last_station_visited) {
              if (order->IsType(OT_IMPLICIT)) {
                DeleteOrder(this, this->cur_implicit_order_index);
              } else {
                /* Skip non-implicit orders, e.g. service-orders */
                ++this->cur_implicit_order_index;
              }
              order = this->GetOrder(this->cur_implicit_order_index);
 
              /* Wrapped around. */
              if (order == nullptr) {
                this->cur_implicit_order_index = 0;
                order = this->GetOrder(this->cur_implicit_order_index);
              }
              assert(order != nullptr);
            }
          }
        } else if (!suppress_implicit_orders &&
            (this->orders == nullptr ? OrderList::CanAllocateItem() : this->orders->GetNumOrders() < MAX_VEH_ORDER_ID)) {
          /* Insert new implicit order */
          Order implicit_order{};
          implicit_order.MakeImplicit(this->last_station_visited);
          InsertOrder(this, std::move(implicit_order), this->cur_implicit_order_index);
          if (this->cur_implicit_order_index > 0) --this->cur_implicit_order_index;
 
          /* InsertOrder disabled creation of implicit orders for all vehicles with the same implicit order.
           * Reenable it for this vehicle */
          uint16_t &gv_flags = this->GetGroundVehicleFlags();
          ClrBit(gv_flags, GVF_SUPPRESS_IMPLICIT_ORDERS);
        }
      }
    }
    this->current_order.MakeLoading(false);
  }
 
  if (this->last_loading_station != StationID::Invalid() &&
      this->last_loading_station != this->last_station_visited &&
      (this->current_order.GetLoadType() != OrderLoadType::NoLoad ||
      this->current_order.GetUnloadType() != OrderUnloadType::NoUnload)) {
    IncreaseStats(Station::Get(this->last_loading_station), this, this->last_station_visited, travel_time);
  }
 
  PrepareUnload(this);
 
  SetWindowDirty(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(this->type), this->owner);
  SetWindowWidgetDirty(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index, WID_VV_START_STOP);
  SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, this->index);
  SetWindowDirty(WC_STATION_VIEW, this->last_station_visited);
 
  Station::Get(this->last_station_visited)->MarkTilesDirty(true);
  this->cur_speed = 0;
  this->MarkDirty();
}

void Vehicle::CancelReservation(StationID next, Station *st)
{
  for (Vehicle *v = this; v != nullptr; v = v->next) {
    VehicleCargoList &cargo = v->cargo;
    if (cargo.ActionCount(VehicleCargoList::MTA_LOAD) > 0) {
      Debug(misc, 1, "cancelling cargo reservation");
      cargo.Return(UINT_MAX, &st->goods[v->cargo_type].GetOrCreateData().cargo, next, v->tile);
    }
    cargo.KeepAll();
  }
}

void Vehicle::LeaveStation()
{
  assert(this->current_order.IsType(OT_LOADING));
 
  delete this->cargo_payment;
  assert(this->cargo_payment == nullptr); // cleared by ~CargoPayment
 
  /* Only update the timetable if the vehicle was supposed to stop here. */
  if (this->current_order.GetNonStopType().Any()) UpdateVehicleTimetable(this, false);
 
  if (this->current_order.GetLoadType() != OrderLoadType::NoLoad ||
      this->current_order.GetUnloadType() != OrderUnloadType::NoUnload) {
    if (this->current_order.CanLeaveWithCargo(this->last_loading_station != StationID::Invalid())) {
      /* Refresh next hop stats to make sure we've done that at least once
       * during the stop and that refit_cap == cargo_cap for each vehicle in
       * the consist. */
      this->ResetRefitCaps();
      LinkRefresher::Run(this);
 
      /* if the vehicle could load here or could stop with cargo loaded set the last loading station */
      this->last_loading_station = this->last_station_visited;
      this->last_loading_tick = TimerGameTick::counter;
    } else {
      /* if the vehicle couldn't load and had to unload or transfer everything
       * set the last loading station to invalid as it will leave empty. */
      this->last_loading_station = StationID::Invalid();
    }
  }
 
  this->current_order.MakeLeaveStation();
  Station *st = Station::Get(this->last_station_visited);
  this->CancelReservation(StationID::Invalid(), st);
  st->loading_vehicles.remove(this);
 
  HideFillingPercent(&this->fill_percent_te_id);
  trip_occupancy = CalcPercentVehicleFilled(this, nullptr);
 
  if (this->type == VehicleType::Train && !this->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Crashed)) {
    /* Trigger station animation (trains only) */
    TileIndex tile = this->GetMovingFront()->tile;
    if (IsTileType(tile, TileType::Station)) {
      TriggerStationRandomisation(st, tile, StationRandomTrigger::VehicleDeparts);
      TriggerStationAnimation(st, tile, StationAnimationTrigger::VehicleDeparts);
    }
 
    Train::From(this)->flags.Set(VehicleRailFlag::LeavingStation);
  }
  if (this->type == VehicleType::Road && !this->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Crashed)) {
    /* Trigger road stop animation */
    if (IsStationRoadStopTile(this->tile)) {
      TriggerRoadStopRandomisation(st, this->tile, StationRandomTrigger::VehicleDeparts);
      TriggerRoadStopAnimation(st, this->tile, StationAnimationTrigger::VehicleDeparts);
    }
  }
 
 
  this->MarkDirty();
}

void Vehicle::ResetRefitCaps()
{
  for (Vehicle *v = this; v != nullptr; v = v->Next()) v->refit_cap = v->cargo_cap;
}

void Vehicle::ReleaseUnitNumber()
{
  Company::Get(this->owner)->freeunits[this->type].ReleaseID(this->unitnumber);
  this->unitnumber = 0;
}

void Vehicle::HandleLoading(bool mode)
{
  switch (this->current_order.GetType()) {
    case OT_LOADING: {
      TimerGameTick::Ticks wait_time = std::max(this->current_order.GetTimetabledWait() - this->lateness_counter, 0);
 
      /* Not the first call for this tick, or still loading */
      if (mode || !this->vehicle_flags.Test(VehicleFlag::LoadingFinished) || this->current_order_time < wait_time) return;
 
      this->PlayLeaveStationSound();
 
      this->LeaveStation();
 
      /* Only advance to next order if we just loaded at the current one */
      const Order *order = this->GetOrder(this->cur_implicit_order_index);
      if (order == nullptr ||
          (!order->IsType(OT_IMPLICIT) && !order->IsType(OT_GOTO_STATION)) ||
          order->GetDestination() != this->last_station_visited) {
        return;
      }
      break;
    }
 
    case OT_DUMMY: break;
 
    default: return;
  }
 
  this->IncrementImplicitOrderIndex();
}

bool Vehicle::HasFullLoadOrder() const
{
  return std::ranges::any_of(this->Orders(), [](const Order &o) {
    return o.IsType(OT_GOTO_STATION) && o.IsFullLoadOrder();
  });
}

bool Vehicle::HasConditionalOrder() const
{
  return std::ranges::any_of(this->Orders(), [](const Order &o) { return o.IsType(OT_CONDITIONAL); });
}

bool Vehicle::HasUnbunchingOrder() const
{
  return std::ranges::any_of(this->Orders(), [](const Order &o) {
    return o.IsType(OT_GOTO_DEPOT) && o.GetDepotActionType().Test(OrderDepotActionFlag::Unbunch);
  });
}

static bool PreviousOrderIsUnbunching(const Vehicle *v)
{
  /* If we are headed for the first order, we must wrap around back to the last order. */
  bool is_first_order = (v->GetOrder(v->cur_implicit_order_index) == v->GetFirstOrder());
  const Order *previous_order = (is_first_order) ? v->GetLastOrder() : v->GetOrder(v->cur_implicit_order_index - 1);
 
  if (previous_order == nullptr || !previous_order->IsType(OT_GOTO_DEPOT)) return false;
  return previous_order->GetDepotActionType().Test(OrderDepotActionFlag::Unbunch);
}

void Vehicle::LeaveUnbunchingDepot()
{
  /* Don't do anything if this is not our unbunching order. */
  if (!PreviousOrderIsUnbunching(this)) return;
 
  /* Set the start point for this round trip time. */
  this->depot_unbunching_last_departure = TimerGameTick::counter;
 
  /* Tell the timetable we are now "on time." */
  this->lateness_counter = 0;
  SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_TIMETABLE, this->index);
 
  /* Find the average travel time of vehicles that we share orders with. */
  int num_vehicles = 0;
  TimerGameTick::Ticks total_travel_time = 0;
 
  Vehicle *u = this->FirstShared();
  for (; u != nullptr; u = u->NextShared()) {
    /* Ignore vehicles that are manually stopped or crashed. */
    if (u->vehstatus.Any({VehState::Stopped, VehState::Crashed})) continue;
 
    num_vehicles++;
    total_travel_time += u->round_trip_time;
  }
 
  /* Make sure we cannot divide by 0. */
  num_vehicles = std::max(num_vehicles, 1);
 
  /* Calculate the separation by finding the average travel time, then calculating equal separation (minimum 1 tick) between vehicles. */
  TimerGameTick::Ticks separation = std::max((total_travel_time / num_vehicles / num_vehicles), 1);
  TimerGameTick::TickCounter next_departure = TimerGameTick::counter + separation;
 
  /* Set the departure time of all vehicles that we share orders with. */
  u = this->FirstShared();
  for (; u != nullptr; u = u->NextShared()) {
    /* Ignore vehicles that are manually stopped or crashed. */
    if (u->vehstatus.Any({VehState::Stopped, VehState::Crashed})) continue;
 
    u->depot_unbunching_next_departure = next_departure;
    InvalidateWindowData(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, u->index);
  }
}

bool Vehicle::IsWaitingForUnbunching() const
{
  assert(this->IsInDepot());
 
  /* Don't bother if there are no vehicles sharing orders. */
  if (!this->IsOrderListShared()) return false;
 
  /* Don't do anything if there aren't enough orders. */
  if (this->GetNumOrders() <= 1) return false;
 
  /* Don't do anything if this is not our unbunching order. */
  if (!PreviousOrderIsUnbunching(this)) return false;
 
  return (this->depot_unbunching_next_departure > TimerGameTick::counter);
};

CommandCost Vehicle::SendToDepot(DoCommandFlags flags, DepotCommandFlags command)
{
  CommandCost ret = CheckOwnership(this->owner);
  if (ret.Failed()) return ret;
 
  if (this->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Crashed)) return CMD_ERROR;
  if (this->IsStoppedInDepot()) return CMD_ERROR;
 
  /* No matter why we're headed to the depot, unbunching data is no longer valid. */
  if (flags.Test(DoCommandFlag::Execute)) this->ResetDepotUnbunching();
 
  if (this->current_order.IsType(OT_GOTO_DEPOT)) {
    bool halt_in_depot = this->current_order.GetDepotActionType().Test(OrderDepotActionFlag::Halt);
    if (command.Test(DepotCommandFlag::Service) == halt_in_depot) {
      /* We called with a different DEPOT_SERVICE setting.
       * Now we change the setting to apply the new one and let the vehicle head for the same depot.
       * Note: the if is (true for requesting service == true for ordered to stop in depot)          */
      if (flags.Test(DoCommandFlag::Execute)) {
        this->current_order.SetDepotOrderType({});
        this->current_order.SetDepotActionType(halt_in_depot ? OrderDepotActionFlags{} : OrderDepotActionFlag::Halt);
        InvalidateWindowData(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index);
      }
      return CommandCost();
    }
 
    if (command.Test(DepotCommandFlag::DontCancel)) return CMD_ERROR; // Requested no cancellation of depot orders
    if (flags.Test(DoCommandFlag::Execute)) {
      /* If the orders to 'goto depot' are in the orders list (forced servicing),
       * then skip to the next order; effectively cancelling this forced service */
      if (this->current_order.GetDepotOrderType().Test(OrderDepotTypeFlag::PartOfOrders)) this->IncrementRealOrderIndex();
 
      if (this->IsGroundVehicle()) {
        uint16_t &gv_flags = this->GetGroundVehicleFlags();
        SetBit(gv_flags, GVF_SUPPRESS_IMPLICIT_ORDERS);
      }
 
      this->current_order.MakeDummy();
      InvalidateWindowData(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index);
    }
    return CommandCost();
  }
 
  ClosestDepot closest_depot = this->FindClosestDepot();
  static constexpr VehicleTypeIndexArray<const StringID> no_depot = {STR_ERROR_UNABLE_TO_FIND_ROUTE_TO, STR_ERROR_UNABLE_TO_FIND_LOCAL_DEPOT, STR_ERROR_UNABLE_TO_FIND_LOCAL_DEPOT, STR_ERROR_UNABLE_TO_FIND_LOCAL_HANGAR};
  if (!closest_depot.found) return CommandCost(no_depot[this->type]);
 
  if (flags.Test(DoCommandFlag::Execute)) {
    if (this->current_order.IsType(OT_LOADING)) this->LeaveStation();
 
    if (this->IsGroundVehicle() && this->GetNumManualOrders() > 0) {
      uint16_t &gv_flags = this->GetGroundVehicleFlags();
      SetBit(gv_flags, GVF_SUPPRESS_IMPLICIT_ORDERS);
    }
 
    this->SetDestTile(closest_depot.location);
    this->current_order.MakeGoToDepot(closest_depot.destination.ToDepotID(), {});
    if (!command.Test(DepotCommandFlag::Service)) this->current_order.SetDepotActionType(OrderDepotActionFlag::Halt);
    InvalidateWindowData(WC_VEHICLE_VIEW, this->index);
 
    /* If there is no depot in front and the train is not already reversing, reverse automatically (trains only) */
    if (this->type == VehicleType::Train && (closest_depot.reverse ^ Train::From(this)->flags.Test(VehicleRailFlag::Reversing))) {
      Command<Commands::ReverseTrainDirection>::Do(DoCommandFlag::Execute, this->index, false);
    }
 
    if (this->type == VehicleType::Aircraft) {
      Aircraft *a = Aircraft::From(this);
      if (a->state == FLYING && a->targetairport != closest_depot.destination) {
        /* The aircraft is now heading for a different hangar than the next in the orders */
        AircraftNextAirportPos_and_Order(a);
      }
    }
  }
 
  return CommandCost();
 
}

void Vehicle::UpdateVisualEffect(bool allow_power_change)
{
  bool powered_before = HasBit(this->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_DISABLE_WAGON_POWER);
  const Engine *e = this->GetEngine();
 
  /* Evaluate properties */
  uint8_t visual_effect;
  switch (e->type) {
    case VehicleType::Train: visual_effect = e->VehInfo<RailVehicleInfo>().visual_effect; break;
    case VehicleType::Road:  visual_effect = e->VehInfo<RoadVehicleInfo>().visual_effect; break;
    case VehicleType::Ship:  visual_effect = e->VehInfo<ShipVehicleInfo>().visual_effect; break;
    default:        visual_effect = 1 << VE_DISABLE_EFFECT;  break;
  }
 
  /* Check powered wagon / visual effect callback */
  if (e->info.callback_mask.Test(VehicleCallbackMask::VisualEffect)) {
    uint16_t callback = GetVehicleCallback(CBID_VEHICLE_VISUAL_EFFECT, 0, 0, this->engine_type, this);
 
    if (callback != CALLBACK_FAILED) {
      if (callback >= 0x100 && e->GetGRF()->grf_version >= 8) ErrorUnknownCallbackResult(e->GetGRFID(), CBID_VEHICLE_VISUAL_EFFECT, callback);
 
      callback = GB(callback, 0, 8);
      /* Avoid accidentally setting 'visual_effect' to the default value
       * Since bit 6 (disable effects) is set anyways, we can safely erase some bits. */
      if (callback == VE_DEFAULT) {
        assert(HasBit(callback, VE_DISABLE_EFFECT));
        SB(callback, VE_TYPE_START, VE_TYPE_COUNT, 0);
      }
      visual_effect = callback;
    }
  }
 
  /* Apply default values */
  if (visual_effect == VE_DEFAULT ||
      (!HasBit(visual_effect, VE_DISABLE_EFFECT) && GB(visual_effect, VE_TYPE_START, VE_TYPE_COUNT) == VE_TYPE_DEFAULT)) {
    /* Only train engines have default effects.
     * Note: This is independent of whether the engine is a front engine or articulated part or whatever. */
    if (e->type != VehicleType::Train || e->VehInfo<RailVehicleInfo>().railveh_type == RailVehicleType::Wagon || !IsInsideMM(e->VehInfo<RailVehicleInfo>().engclass, EngineClass::Steam, EngineClass::Monorail)) {
      if (visual_effect == VE_DEFAULT) {
        visual_effect = 1 << VE_DISABLE_EFFECT;
      } else {
        SetBit(visual_effect, VE_DISABLE_EFFECT);
      }
    } else {
      if (visual_effect == VE_DEFAULT) {
        /* Also set the offset */
        visual_effect = (VE_OFFSET_CENTRE - (e->VehInfo<RailVehicleInfo>().engclass == EngineClass::Steam ? 4 : 0)) << VE_OFFSET_START;
      }
      SB(visual_effect, VE_TYPE_START, VE_TYPE_COUNT, to_underlying(e->VehInfo<RailVehicleInfo>().engclass) - to_underlying(EngineClass::Steam) + VE_TYPE_STEAM);
    }
  }
 
  this->vcache.cached_vis_effect = visual_effect;
 
  if (!allow_power_change && powered_before != HasBit(this->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_DISABLE_WAGON_POWER)) {
    ToggleBit(this->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_DISABLE_WAGON_POWER);
    ShowNewGrfVehicleError(this->engine_type, STR_NEWGRF_BROKEN, STR_NEWGRF_BROKEN_POWERED_WAGON, GRFBug::VehPoweredWagon, false);
  }
}
 
static const int8_t _vehicle_smoke_pos[8] = {
  1, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0
};

static void SpawnAdvancedVisualEffect(const Vehicle *v)
{
  std::array<int32_t, 4> regs100;
  uint16_t callback = GetVehicleCallback(CBID_VEHICLE_SPAWN_VISUAL_EFFECT, 0, Random(), v->engine_type, v, regs100);
  if (callback == CALLBACK_FAILED) return;
 
  uint count = GB(callback, 0, 2);
  assert(count <= std::size(regs100));
  bool auto_center = HasBit(callback, 13);
  bool auto_rotate = !HasBit(callback, 14);
 
  int8_t l_center = 0;
  if (auto_center) {
    /* For road vehicles: Compute offset from vehicle position to vehicle center */
    if (v->type == VehicleType::Road) l_center = -(int)(VEHICLE_LENGTH - RoadVehicle::From(v)->gcache.cached_veh_length) / 2;
  } else {
    /* For trains: Compute offset from vehicle position to sprite position */
    if (v->type == VehicleType::Train) l_center = (VEHICLE_LENGTH - Train::From(v)->gcache.cached_veh_length) / 2;
  }
 
  Direction l_dir = v->direction;
  if (v->type == VehicleType::Train && Train::From(v)->flags.Test(VehicleRailFlag::Flipped)) l_dir = ReverseDir(l_dir);
  Direction t_dir = ChangeDir(l_dir, DIRDIFF_90RIGHT);
 
  int8_t x_center = _vehicle_smoke_pos[l_dir] * l_center;
  int8_t y_center = _vehicle_smoke_pos[t_dir] * l_center;
 
  for (uint i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    int32_t reg = regs100[i];
    uint type = GB(reg,  0, 8);
    int8_t x    = GB(reg,  8, 8);
    int8_t y    = GB(reg, 16, 8);
    int8_t z    = GB(reg, 24, 8);
 
    if (auto_rotate) {
      int8_t l = x;
      int8_t t = y;
      x = _vehicle_smoke_pos[l_dir] * l + _vehicle_smoke_pos[t_dir] * t;
      y = _vehicle_smoke_pos[t_dir] * l - _vehicle_smoke_pos[l_dir] * t;
    }
 
    if (type >= 0xF0) {
      switch (type) {
        case 0xF1: CreateEffectVehicleRel(v, x_center + x, y_center + y, z, EV_STEAM_SMOKE); break;
        case 0xF2: CreateEffectVehicleRel(v, x_center + x, y_center + y, z, EV_DIESEL_SMOKE); break;
        case 0xF3: CreateEffectVehicleRel(v, x_center + x, y_center + y, z, EV_ELECTRIC_SPARK); break;
        case 0xFA: CreateEffectVehicleRel(v, x_center + x, y_center + y, z, EV_BREAKDOWN_SMOKE_AIRCRAFT); break;
        default: break;
      }
    }
  }
}

static bool IsBridgeAboveVehicle(const Vehicle *v)
{
  if (IsBridgeTile(v->tile)) {
    /* If the vehicle is 'on' a bridge tile, check the real position of the vehicle. If it's different then the
     * vehicle is on the middle of the bridge, which cannot have a bridge above. */
    TileIndex tile = TileVirtXY(v->x_pos, v->y_pos);
    if (tile != v->tile) return false;
  }
  return IsBridgeAbove(v->tile);
}

void Vehicle::ShowVisualEffect() const
{
  assert(this->IsPrimaryVehicle());
  bool sound = false;
 
  /* Do not show any smoke when:
   * - vehicle smoke is disabled by the player
   * - the vehicle is slowing down or stopped (by the player)
   * - the vehicle is moving very slowly
   */
  if (_settings_game.vehicle.smoke_amount == 0 ||
      this->vehstatus.Any({VehState::TrainSlowing, VehState::Stopped}) ||
      this->cur_speed < 2) {
    return;
  }
 
  /* Use the speed as limited by underground and orders. */
  uint max_speed = this->GetCurrentMaxSpeed();
 
  if (this->type == VehicleType::Train) {
    const Train *t = Train::From(this);
    const Train *moving_front = t->GetMovingFront();
    /* For trains, do not show any smoke when:
     * - the train is reversing
     * - is entering a station with an order to stop there and its speed is equal to maximum station entering speed
     */
    if (t->flags.Test(VehicleRailFlag::Reversing) ||
        (IsRailStationTile(moving_front->tile) && t->IsFrontEngine() && t->current_order.ShouldStopAtStation(t, GetStationIndex(moving_front->tile)) &&
        t->cur_speed >= max_speed)) {
      return;
    }
  }
 
  const Vehicle *v = this;
 
  do {
    bool advanced = HasBit(v->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_ADVANCED_EFFECT);
    int effect_offset = GB(v->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_OFFSET_START, VE_OFFSET_COUNT) - VE_OFFSET_CENTRE;
    VisualEffectSpawnModel effect_model = VESM_NONE;
    if (advanced) {
      effect_offset = VE_OFFSET_CENTRE;
      effect_model = (VisualEffectSpawnModel)GB(v->vcache.cached_vis_effect, 0, VE_ADVANCED_EFFECT);
      if (effect_model >= VESM_END) effect_model = VESM_NONE; // unknown spawning model
    } else {
      effect_model = (VisualEffectSpawnModel)GB(v->vcache.cached_vis_effect, VE_TYPE_START, VE_TYPE_COUNT);
      assert(effect_model != (VisualEffectSpawnModel)VE_TYPE_DEFAULT); // should have been resolved by UpdateVisualEffect
      static_assert((uint)VESM_STEAM    == (uint)VE_TYPE_STEAM);
      static_assert((uint)VESM_DIESEL   == (uint)VE_TYPE_DIESEL);
      static_assert((uint)VESM_ELECTRIC == (uint)VE_TYPE_ELECTRIC);
    }
 
    /* Show no smoke when:
     * - Smoke has been disabled for this vehicle
     * - The vehicle is not visible
     * - The vehicle is under a bridge
     * - The vehicle is on a depot tile
     * - The vehicle is on a tunnel tile
     * - The vehicle is a train engine that is currently unpowered */
    if (effect_model == VESM_NONE ||
        v->vehstatus.Test(VehState::Hidden) ||
        IsBridgeAboveVehicle(v) ||
        IsDepotTile(v->tile) ||
        IsTunnelTile(v->tile) ||
        (v->type == VehicleType::Train &&
        !HasPowerOnRail(Train::From(v)->railtypes, GetTileRailType(v->tile)))) {
      continue;
    }
 
    EffectVehicleType evt = EV_END;
    switch (effect_model) {
      case VESM_STEAM:
        /* Steam smoke - amount is gradually falling until vehicle reaches its maximum speed, after that it's normal.
         * Details: while vehicle's current speed is gradually increasing, steam plumes' density decreases by one third each
         * third of its maximum speed spectrum. Steam emission finally normalises at very close to vehicle's maximum speed.
         * REGULATION:
         * - instead of 1, 4 / 2^smoke_amount (max. 2) is used to provide sufficient regulation to steam puffs' amount. */
        if (GB(v->tick_counter, 0, ((4 >> _settings_game.vehicle.smoke_amount) + ((this->cur_speed * 3) / max_speed))) == 0) {
          evt = EV_STEAM_SMOKE;
        }
        break;
 
      case VESM_DIESEL: {
        /* Diesel smoke - thicker when vehicle is starting, gradually subsiding till it reaches its maximum speed
         * when smoke emission stops.
         * Details: Vehicle's (max.) speed spectrum is divided into 32 parts. When max. speed is reached, chance for smoke
         * emission erodes by 32 (1/4). For trains, power and weight come in handy too to either increase smoke emission in
         * 6 steps (1000HP each) if the power is low or decrease smoke emission in 6 steps (512 tonnes each) if the train
         * isn't overweight. Power and weight contributions are expressed in a way that neither extreme power, nor
         * extreme weight can ruin the balance (e.g. FreightWagonMultiplier) in the formula. When the vehicle reaches
         * maximum speed no diesel_smoke is emitted.
         * REGULATION:
         * - up to which speed a diesel vehicle is emitting smoke (with reduced/small setting only until 1/2 of max_speed),
         * - in Chance16 - the last value is 512 / 2^smoke_amount (max. smoke when 128 = smoke_amount of 2). */
        int power_weight_effect = 0;
        if (v->type == VehicleType::Train) {
          power_weight_effect = (32 >> (Train::From(this)->gcache.cached_power >> 10)) - (32 >> (Train::From(this)->gcache.cached_weight >> 9));
        }
        if (this->cur_speed < (max_speed >> (2 >> _settings_game.vehicle.smoke_amount)) &&
            Chance16((64 - ((this->cur_speed << 5) / max_speed) + power_weight_effect), (512 >> _settings_game.vehicle.smoke_amount))) {
          evt = EV_DIESEL_SMOKE;
        }
        break;
      }
 
      case VESM_ELECTRIC:
        /* Electric train's spark - more often occurs when train is departing (more load)
         * Details: Electric locomotives are usually at least twice as powerful as their diesel counterparts, so spark
         * emissions are kept simple. Only when starting, creating huge force are sparks more likely to happen, but when
         * reaching its max. speed, quarter by quarter of it, chance decreases until the usual 2,22% at train's top speed.
         * REGULATION:
         * - in Chance16 the last value is 360 / 2^smoke_amount (max. sparks when 90 = smoke_amount of 2). */
        if (GB(v->tick_counter, 0, 2) == 0 &&
            Chance16((6 - ((this->cur_speed << 2) / max_speed)), (360 >> _settings_game.vehicle.smoke_amount))) {
          evt = EV_ELECTRIC_SPARK;
        }
        break;
 
      default:
        NOT_REACHED();
    }
 
    if (evt != EV_END && advanced) {
      sound = true;
      SpawnAdvancedVisualEffect(v);
    } else if (evt != EV_END) {
      sound = true;
 
      /* The effect offset is relative to a point 4 units behind the vehicle's
       * front (which is the center of an 8/8 vehicle). Shorter vehicles need a
       * correction factor. */
      if (v->type == VehicleType::Train) effect_offset += (VEHICLE_LENGTH - Train::From(v)->gcache.cached_veh_length) / 2;
 
      int x = _vehicle_smoke_pos[v->direction] * effect_offset;
      int y = _vehicle_smoke_pos[(v->direction + 2) % 8] * effect_offset;
 
      if (v->type == VehicleType::Train && Train::From(v)->flags.Test(VehicleRailFlag::Flipped)) {
        x = -x;
        y = -y;
      }
 
      CreateEffectVehicleRel(v, x, y, 10, evt);
    }
  } while ((v = v->Next()) != nullptr);
 
  if (sound) PlayVehicleSound(this, VSE_VISUAL_EFFECT);
}

void Vehicle::SetNext(Vehicle *next)
{
  assert(this != next);
 
  if (this->next != nullptr) {
    /* We had an old next vehicle. Update the first and previous pointers */
    for (Vehicle *v = this->next; v != nullptr; v = v->Next()) {
      v->first = this->next;
    }
    this->next->previous = nullptr;
  }
 
  this->next = next;
 
  if (this->next != nullptr) {
    /* A new next vehicle. Update the first and previous pointers */
    if (this->next->previous != nullptr) this->next->previous->next = nullptr;
    this->next->previous = this;
    for (Vehicle *v = this->next; v != nullptr; v = v->Next()) {
      v->first = this->first;
    }
  }
 
  /* Update last vehicle of the entire chain. */
  Vehicle *new_last = this;
  while (new_last->Next() != nullptr) new_last = new_last->Next();
  for (Vehicle *v = this->first; v!= nullptr; v = v->Next()) {
    v->last = new_last;
  }
}

void Vehicle::AddToShared(Vehicle *shared_chain)
{
  assert(this->previous_shared == nullptr && this->next_shared == nullptr);
 
  if (shared_chain->orders == nullptr) {
    assert(shared_chain->previous_shared == nullptr);
    assert(shared_chain->next_shared == nullptr);
    this->orders = shared_chain->orders = OrderList::Create(shared_chain);
  }
 
  this->next_shared     = shared_chain->next_shared;
  this->previous_shared = shared_chain;
 
  shared_chain->next_shared = this;
 
  if (this->next_shared != nullptr) this->next_shared->previous_shared = this;
 
  shared_chain->orders->AddVehicle(this);
}

void Vehicle::RemoveFromShared()
{
  /* Remember if we were first and the old window number before RemoveVehicle()
   * as this changes first if needed. */
  bool were_first = (this->FirstShared() == this);
  VehicleListIdentifier vli(VL_SHARED_ORDERS, this->type, this->owner, this->FirstShared()->index);
 
  this->orders->RemoveVehicle(this);
 
  if (!were_first) {
    /* We are not the first shared one, so only relink our previous one. */
    this->previous_shared->next_shared = this->NextShared();
  }
 
  if (this->next_shared != nullptr) this->next_shared->previous_shared = this->previous_shared;
 
 
  if (this->orders->GetNumVehicles() == 1) {
    /* When there is only one vehicle, remove the shared order list window. */
    CloseWindowById(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(this->type), vli.ToWindowNumber());
    InvalidateVehicleOrder(this->FirstShared(), VIWD_MODIFY_ORDERS);
  } else if (were_first) {
    /* If we were the first one, update to the new first one.
     * Note: FirstShared() is already the new first */
    InvalidateWindowData(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(this->type), vli.ToWindowNumber(), this->FirstShared()->index.base() | (1U << 31));
  }
 
  this->next_shared     = nullptr;
  this->previous_shared = nullptr;
}
 
static const IntervalTimer<TimerGameEconomy> _economy_vehicles_yearly({TimerGameEconomy::Trigger::Year, TimerGameEconomy::Priority::Vehicle}, [](auto)
{
  for (Vehicle *v : Vehicle::Iterate()) {
    if (v->IsPrimaryVehicle()) {
      /* show warning if vehicle is not generating enough income last 2 years (corresponds to a red icon in the vehicle list) */
      Money profit = v->GetDisplayProfitThisYear();
      if (v->economy_age >= VEHICLE_PROFIT_MIN_AGE && profit < 0) {
        if (_settings_client.gui.vehicle_income_warn && v->owner == _local_company) {
          AddVehicleAdviceNewsItem(AdviceType::VehicleUnprofitable,
            GetEncodedString(TimerGameEconomy::UsingWallclockUnits() ? STR_NEWS_VEHICLE_UNPROFITABLE_PERIOD : STR_NEWS_VEHICLE_UNPROFITABLE_YEAR, v->index, profit),
            v->index);
        }
        AI::NewEvent(v->owner, new ScriptEventVehicleUnprofitable(v->index));
      }
 
      v->profit_last_year = v->profit_this_year;
      v->profit_this_year = 0;
      SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, v->index);
    }
  }
  GroupStatistics::UpdateProfits();
  SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_TRAINS_LIST);
  SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_SHIPS_LIST);
  SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_ROADVEH_LIST);
  SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_AIRCRAFT_LIST);
});

bool CanVehicleUseStation(EngineID engine_type, const Station *st)
{
  const Engine *e = Engine::GetIfValid(engine_type);
  assert(e != nullptr);
 
  switch (e->type) {
    case VehicleType::Train:
      return st->facilities.Test(StationFacility::Train);
 
    case VehicleType::Road:
      /* For road vehicles we need the vehicle to know whether it can actually
       * use the station, but if it doesn't have facilities for RVs it is
       * certainly not possible that the station can be used. */
      return st->facilities.Any({StationFacility::BusStop, StationFacility::TruckStop});
 
    case VehicleType::Ship:
      return st->facilities.Test(StationFacility::Dock);
 
    case VehicleType::Aircraft:
      return st->facilities.Test(StationFacility::Airport) &&
          st->airport.GetFTA()->flags.Test(e->VehInfo<AircraftVehicleInfo>().subtype & AIR_CTOL ? AirportFTAClass::Flag::Airplanes : AirportFTAClass::Flag::Helicopters);
 
    default:
      return false;
  }
}

bool CanVehicleUseStation(const Vehicle *v, const Station *st)
{
  if (v->type == VehicleType::Road) return st->GetPrimaryRoadStop(RoadVehicle::From(v)) != nullptr;
 
  return CanVehicleUseStation(v->engine_type, st);
}

StringID GetVehicleCannotUseStationReason(const Vehicle *v, const Station *st)
{
  switch (v->type) {
    case VehicleType::Train:
      return STR_ERROR_NO_RAIL_STATION;
 
    case VehicleType::Road: {
      const RoadVehicle *rv = RoadVehicle::From(v);
      RoadStop *rs = st->GetPrimaryRoadStop(rv->IsBus() ? RoadStopType::Bus : RoadStopType::Truck);
 
      StringID err = rv->IsBus() ? STR_ERROR_NO_BUS_STATION : STR_ERROR_NO_TRUCK_STATION;
 
      for (; rs != nullptr; rs = rs->next) {
        /* Articulated vehicles cannot use bay road stops, only drive-through. Make sure the vehicle can actually use this bay stop */
        if (HasTileAnyRoadType(rs->xy, rv->compatible_roadtypes) && IsBayRoadStopTile(rs->xy) && rv->HasArticulatedPart()) {
          err = STR_ERROR_NO_STOP_ARTICULATED_VEHICLE;
          continue;
        }
 
        /* Bay stop errors take precedence, but otherwise the vehicle may not be compatible with the roadtype/tramtype of this station tile.
         * We give bay stop errors precedence because they are usually a bus sent to a tram station or vice versa. */
        if (!HasTileAnyRoadType(rs->xy, rv->compatible_roadtypes) && err != STR_ERROR_NO_STOP_ARTICULATED_VEHICLE) {
          err = RoadTypeIsRoad(rv->roadtype) ? STR_ERROR_NO_STOP_COMPATIBLE_ROAD_TYPE : STR_ERROR_NO_STOP_COMPATIBLE_TRAM_TYPE;
          continue;
        }
      }
 
      return err;
    }
 
    case VehicleType::Ship:
      return STR_ERROR_NO_DOCK;
 
    case VehicleType::Aircraft:
      if (!st->facilities.Test(StationFacility::Airport)) return STR_ERROR_NO_AIRPORT;
      if (v->GetEngine()->VehInfo<AircraftVehicleInfo>().subtype & AIR_CTOL) {
        return STR_ERROR_AIRPORT_NO_PLANES;
      } else {
        return STR_ERROR_AIRPORT_NO_HELICOPTERS;
      }
 
    default:
      return INVALID_STRING_ID;
  }
}

GroundVehicleCache *Vehicle::GetGroundVehicleCache()
{
  assert(this->IsGroundVehicle());
  if (this->type == VehicleType::Train) {
    return &Train::From(this)->gcache;
  } else {
    return &RoadVehicle::From(this)->gcache;
  }
}

const GroundVehicleCache *Vehicle::GetGroundVehicleCache() const
{
  assert(this->IsGroundVehicle());
  if (this->type == VehicleType::Train) {
    return &Train::From(this)->gcache;
  } else {
    return &RoadVehicle::From(this)->gcache;
  }
}

uint16_t &Vehicle::GetGroundVehicleFlags()
{
  assert(this->IsGroundVehicle());
  if (this->type == VehicleType::Train) {
    return Train::From(this)->gv_flags;
  } else {
    return RoadVehicle::From(this)->gv_flags;
  }
}

const uint16_t &Vehicle::GetGroundVehicleFlags() const
{
  assert(this->IsGroundVehicle());
  if (this->type == VehicleType::Train) {
    return Train::From(this)->gv_flags;
  } else {
    return RoadVehicle::From(this)->gv_flags;
  }
}

void GetVehicleSet(VehicleSet &set, Vehicle *v, uint8_t num_vehicles)
{
  if (v->type == VehicleType::Train) {
    Train *u = Train::From(v);
    /* Only include whole vehicles, so start with the first articulated part */
    u = u->GetFirstEnginePart();
 
    /* Include num_vehicles vehicles, not counting articulated parts */
    for (; u != nullptr && num_vehicles > 0; num_vehicles--) {
      do {
        /* Include current vehicle in the selection. */
        include(set, u->index);
 
        /* If the vehicle is multiheaded, add the other part too. */
        if (u->IsMultiheaded()) include(set, u->other_multiheaded_part->index);
 
        u = u->Next();
      } while (u != nullptr && u->IsArticulatedPart());
    }
  }
}

uint32_t Vehicle::GetDisplayMaxWeight() const
{
  uint32_t max_weight = 0;
 
  for (const Vehicle *u = this; u != nullptr; u = u->Next()) {
    max_weight += u->GetMaxWeight();
  }
 
  return max_weight;
}

uint32_t Vehicle::GetDisplayMinPowerToWeight() const
{
  uint32_t max_weight = GetDisplayMaxWeight();
  if (max_weight == 0) return 0;
  return GetGroundVehicleCache()->cached_power * 10u / max_weight;
}

bool VehiclesHaveSameEngineList(const Vehicle *v1, const Vehicle *v2)
{
  while (true) {
    if (v1 == nullptr && v2 == nullptr) return true;
    if (v1 == nullptr || v2 == nullptr) return false;
    if (v1->GetEngine() != v2->GetEngine()) return false;
    v1 = v1->GetNextVehicle();
    v2 = v2->GetNextVehicle();
  }
}

bool VehiclesHaveSameOrderList(const Vehicle *v1, const Vehicle *v2)
{
  return std::ranges::equal(v1->Orders(), v2->Orders(), [](const Order &o1, const Order &o2) { return o1.Equals(o2); });
}