economy.cpp

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/*
 * This file is part of OpenTTD.
 * OpenTTD is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
 * OpenTTD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with OpenTTD. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <ranges>
#include "company_func.h"
#include "command_func.h"
#include "industry.h"
#include "town.h"
#include "news_func.h"
#include "network/network.h"
#include "network/network_func.h"
#include "ai/ai.hpp"
#include "aircraft.h"
#include "train.h"
#include "newgrf_engine.h"
#include "engine_base.h"
#include "ground_vehicle.hpp"
#include "newgrf_cargo.h"
#include "newgrf_sound.h"
#include "newgrf_industrytiles.h"
#include "newgrf_station.h"
#include "newgrf_airporttiles.h"
#include "newgrf_roadstop.h"
#include "object.h"
#include "strings_func.h"
#include "vehicle_func.h"
#include "sound_func.h"
#include "autoreplace_func.h"
#include "company_gui.h"
#include "signs_base.h"
#include "subsidy_base.h"
#include "subsidy_func.h"
#include "station_base.h"
#include "waypoint_base.h"
#include "economy_base.h"
#include "core/pool_func.hpp"
#include "core/backup_type.hpp"
#include "core/container_func.hpp"
#include "cargo_type.h"
#include "water.h"
#include "game/game.hpp"
#include "cargomonitor.h"
#include "goal_base.h"
#include "story_base.h"
#include "linkgraph/refresh.h"
#include "company_cmd.h"
#include "economy_cmd.h"
#include "vehicle_cmd.h"
#include "timer/timer.h"
#include "timer/timer_game_calendar.h"
#include "timer/timer_game_economy.h"
 
#include "table/strings.h"
#include "table/pricebase.h"
 
#include "safeguards.h"
 
 
/* Initialize the cargo payment-pool */
CargoPaymentPool _cargo_payment_pool("CargoPayment");
INSTANTIATE_POOL_METHODS(CargoPayment)
 
 
static inline int32_t BigMulS(const int32_t a, const int32_t b, const uint8_t shift)
{
  return (int32_t)((int64_t)a * (int64_t)b >> shift);
}
static inline int32_t BigMulS(const int32_t a, const int32_t b, const uint8_t shift) {…}
 
typedef std::vector<Industry *> SmallIndustryList;
 
const ScoreInfo _score_info[] = {
  {     120, 100}, // SCORE_VEHICLES
  {      80, 100}, // SCORE_STATIONS
  {   10000, 100}, // SCORE_MIN_PROFIT
  {   50000,  50}, // SCORE_MIN_INCOME
  {  100000, 100}, // SCORE_MAX_INCOME
  {   40000, 400}, // SCORE_DELIVERED
  {       8,  50}, // SCORE_CARGO
  {10000000,  50}, // SCORE_MONEY
  {  250000,  50}, // SCORE_LOAN
  {       0,   0}  // SCORE_TOTAL
};
const ScoreInfo _score_info[] = {…};
 
TypedIndexContainer<std::array<std::array<int64_t, SCORE_END>, MAX_COMPANIES>, CompanyID> _score_part;
Economy _economy;
Prices _price;
static PriceMultipliers _price_base_multiplier;
 
static Money CalculateCompanyAssetValue(const Company *c)
{
  Owner owner = c->index;
 
  uint num = 0;
 
  for (const Station *st : Station::Iterate()) {
    if (st->owner == owner) num += st->facilities.Count();
  }
 
  Money value = num * _price[PR_STATION_VALUE] * 25;
 
  for (const Vehicle *v : Vehicle::Iterate()) {
    if (v->owner != owner) continue;
 
    if (v->type == VEH_TRAIN ||
        v->type == VEH_ROAD ||
        (v->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT && Aircraft::From(v)->IsNormalAircraft()) ||
        v->type == VEH_SHIP) {
      value += v->value * 3 >> 1;
    }
  }
 
  return value;
}
static Money CalculateCompanyAssetValue(const Company *c) {…}
 
Money CalculateCompanyValue(const Company *c, bool including_loan)
{
  Money value = CalculateCompanyAssetValue(c);
 
  /* Add real money value */
  if (including_loan) value -= c->current_loan;
  value += c->money;
 
  return std::max<Money>(value, 1);
}
Money CalculateCompanyValue(const Company *c, bool including_loan) {…}
 
Money CalculateHostileTakeoverValue(const Company *c)
{
  Money value = CalculateCompanyAssetValue(c);
 
  value += c->current_loan;
  /* Negative balance is basically a loan. */
  if (c->money < 0) {
    value += -c->money;
  }
 
  for (int quarter = 0; quarter < 4; quarter++) {
    value += std::max<Money>(c->old_economy[quarter].income + c->old_economy[quarter].expenses, 0) * 2;
  }
 
  return std::max<Money>(value, 1);
}
Money CalculateHostileTakeoverValue(const Company *c) {…}
 
int UpdateCompanyRatingAndValue(Company *c, bool update)
{
  Owner owner = c->index;
  int score = 0;
 
  _score_part[owner].fill(0);
 
  /* Count vehicles */
  {
    Money min_profit = 0;
    bool min_profit_first = true;
    uint num = 0;
 
    for (const Vehicle *v : Vehicle::Iterate()) {
      if (v->owner != owner) continue;
      if (IsCompanyBuildableVehicleType(v->type) && v->IsPrimaryVehicle()) {
        if (v->profit_last_year > 0) num++; // For the vehicle score only count profitable vehicles
        if (v->economy_age > VEHICLE_PROFIT_MIN_AGE) {
          /* Find the vehicle with the lowest amount of profit */
          if (min_profit_first || min_profit > v->profit_last_year) {
            min_profit = v->profit_last_year;
            min_profit_first = false;
          }
        }
      }
    }
 
    min_profit >>= 8; // remove the fract part
 
    _score_part[owner][SCORE_VEHICLES] = num;
    /* Don't allow negative min_profit to show */
    if (min_profit > 0) {
      _score_part[owner][SCORE_MIN_PROFIT] = min_profit;
    }
  }
 
  /* Count stations */
  {
    uint num = 0;
    for (const Station *st : Station::Iterate()) {
      /* Only count stations that are actually serviced */
      if (st->owner == owner && (st->time_since_load <= 20 || st->time_since_unload <= 20)) num += st->facilities.Count();
    }
    _score_part[owner][SCORE_STATIONS] = num;
  }
 
  /* Generate statistics depending on recent income statistics */
  {
    int numec = std::min<uint>(c->num_valid_stat_ent, 12u);
    if (numec != 0) {
      auto [min_income, max_income] = std::ranges::minmax(c->old_economy | std::views::take(numec) | std::views::transform([](const auto &ce) { return ce.income + ce.expenses; }));
 
      if (min_income > 0) _score_part[owner][SCORE_MIN_INCOME] = min_income;
      _score_part[owner][SCORE_MAX_INCOME] = max_income;
    }
  }
 
  /* Generate score depending on amount of transported cargo */
  {
    int numec = std::min<uint>(c->num_valid_stat_ent, 4u);
    if (numec != 0) {
      OverflowSafeInt64 total_delivered = 0;
      for (auto &ce : c->old_economy | std::views::take(numec)) total_delivered += ce.delivered_cargo.GetSum<OverflowSafeInt64>();
 
      _score_part[owner][SCORE_DELIVERED] = total_delivered;
    }
  }
 
  /* Generate score for variety of cargo */
  {
    _score_part[owner][SCORE_CARGO] = c->old_economy[0].delivered_cargo.GetCount();
  }
 
  /* Generate score for company's money */
  {
    if (c->money > 0) {
      _score_part[owner][SCORE_MONEY] = c->money;
    }
  }
 
  /* Generate score for loan */
  {
    _score_part[owner][SCORE_LOAN] = _score_info[SCORE_LOAN].needed - c->current_loan;
  }
 
  /* Now we calculate the score for each item.. */
  {
    int total_score = 0;
    int s;
    score = 0;
    for (ScoreID i = SCORE_BEGIN; i < SCORE_END; i++) {
      /* Skip the total */
      if (i == SCORE_TOTAL) continue;
      /*  Check the score */
      s = Clamp<int64_t>(_score_part[owner][i], 0, _score_info[i].needed) * _score_info[i].score / _score_info[i].needed;
      score += s;
      total_score += _score_info[i].score;
    }
 
    _score_part[owner][SCORE_TOTAL] = score;
 
    /*  We always want the score scaled to SCORE_MAX (1000) */
    if (total_score != SCORE_MAX) score = score * SCORE_MAX / total_score;
  }
 
  if (update) {
    c->old_economy[0].performance_history = score;
    UpdateCompanyHQ(c->location_of_HQ, score);
    c->old_economy[0].company_value = CalculateCompanyValue(c);
  }
 
  SetWindowDirty(WC_PERFORMANCE_DETAIL, 0);
  return score;
}
int UpdateCompanyRatingAndValue(Company *c, bool update) {…}
 
void ChangeOwnershipOfCompanyItems(Owner old_owner, Owner new_owner)
{
  /* We need to set _current_company to old_owner before we try to move
   * the client. This is needed as it needs to know whether "you" really
   * are the current local company. */
  Backup<CompanyID> cur_company(_current_company, old_owner);
  /* In all cases, make spectators of clients connected to that company */
  if (_networking) NetworkClientsToSpectators(old_owner);
  if (old_owner == _local_company) {
    /* Single player cheated to AI company.
     * There are no spectators in singleplayer mode, so we must pick some other company. */
    assert(!_networking);
    Backup<CompanyID> cur_company2(_current_company);
    for (const Company *c : Company::Iterate()) {
      if (c->index != old_owner) {
        SetLocalCompany(c->index);
        break;
      }
    }
    cur_company2.Restore();
    assert(old_owner != _local_company);
  }
 
  assert(old_owner != new_owner);
 
  /* Temporarily increase the company's money, to be sure that
   * removing their property doesn't fail because of lack of money.
   * Not too drastically though, because it could overflow */
  if (new_owner == INVALID_OWNER) {
    Company::Get(old_owner)->money = UINT64_MAX >> 2; // jackpot ;p
  }
 
  for (Subsidy *s : Subsidy::Iterate()) {
    if (s->awarded == old_owner) {
      if (new_owner == INVALID_OWNER) {
        delete s;
      } else {
        s->awarded = new_owner;
      }
    }
  }
  if (new_owner == INVALID_OWNER) RebuildSubsidisedSourceAndDestinationCache();
 
  /* Take care of rating and transport rights in towns */
  for (Town *t : Town::Iterate()) {
    /* If a company takes over, give the ratings to that company. */
    if (new_owner != INVALID_OWNER) {
      if (t->have_ratings.Test(old_owner)) {
        if (t->have_ratings.Test(new_owner)) {
          /* use max of the two ratings. */
          t->ratings[new_owner] = std::max(t->ratings[new_owner], t->ratings[old_owner]);
        } else {
          t->have_ratings.Set(new_owner);
          t->ratings[new_owner] = t->ratings[old_owner];
        }
      }
    }
 
    /* Reset the ratings for the old owner */
    t->ratings[old_owner] = RATING_INITIAL;
    t->have_ratings.Reset(old_owner);
 
    /* Transfer exclusive rights */
    if (t->exclusive_counter > 0 && t->exclusivity == old_owner) {
      if (new_owner != INVALID_OWNER) {
        t->exclusivity = new_owner;
      } else {
        t->exclusive_counter = 0;
        t->exclusivity = CompanyID::Invalid();
      }
    }
  }
 
  {
    for (Vehicle *v : Vehicle::Iterate()) {
      if (v->owner == old_owner && IsCompanyBuildableVehicleType(v->type)) {
        if (new_owner == INVALID_OWNER) {
          if (v->Previous() == nullptr) delete v;
        } else {
          if (v->IsEngineCountable()) GroupStatistics::CountEngine(v, -1);
          if (v->IsPrimaryVehicle()) GroupStatistics::CountVehicle(v, -1);
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  /* In all cases clear replace engine rules.
   * Even if it was copied, it could interfere with new owner's rules */
  RemoveAllEngineReplacementForCompany(Company::Get(old_owner));
 
  if (new_owner == INVALID_OWNER) {
    RemoveAllGroupsForCompany(old_owner);
  } else {
    Company *c = Company::Get(old_owner);
    for (Group *g : Group::Iterate()) {
      if (g->owner == old_owner) {
        g->owner = new_owner;
        g->number = c->freegroups.UseID(c->freegroups.NextID());
      }
    }
  }
 
  {
    Company *new_company = new_owner == INVALID_OWNER ? nullptr : Company::Get(new_owner);
 
    /* Override company settings to new company defaults in case we need to convert them.
     * This is required as the CmdChangeServiceInt doesn't copy the supplied value when it is non-custom
     */
    if (new_owner != INVALID_OWNER) {
      Company *old_company = Company::Get(old_owner);
 
      old_company->settings.vehicle.servint_aircraft = new_company->settings.vehicle.servint_aircraft;
      old_company->settings.vehicle.servint_trains = new_company->settings.vehicle.servint_trains;
      old_company->settings.vehicle.servint_roadveh = new_company->settings.vehicle.servint_roadveh;
      old_company->settings.vehicle.servint_ships = new_company->settings.vehicle.servint_ships;
      old_company->settings.vehicle.servint_ispercent = new_company->settings.vehicle.servint_ispercent;
    }
 
    for (Vehicle *v : Vehicle::Iterate()) {
      if (v->owner == old_owner && IsCompanyBuildableVehicleType(v->type)) {
        assert(new_owner != INVALID_OWNER);
 
        /* Correct default values of interval settings while maintaining custom set ones.
         * This prevents invalid values on mismatching company defaults being accepted.
         */
        if (!v->ServiceIntervalIsCustom()) {
          /* Technically, passing the interval is not needed as the command will query the default value itself.
           * However, do not rely on that behaviour.
           */
          int interval = CompanyServiceInterval(new_company, v->type);
          Command<CMD_CHANGE_SERVICE_INT>::Do({DoCommandFlag::Execute, DoCommandFlag::Bankrupt}, v->index, interval, false, new_company->settings.vehicle.servint_ispercent);
        }
 
        v->owner = new_owner;
 
        /* Owner changes, clear cache */
        v->colourmap = PAL_NONE;
        v->InvalidateNewGRFCache();
 
        if (v->IsEngineCountable()) {
          GroupStatistics::CountEngine(v, 1);
        }
        if (v->IsPrimaryVehicle()) {
          GroupStatistics::CountVehicle(v, 1);
          auto &unitidgen = new_company->freeunits[v->type];
          v->unitnumber = unitidgen.UseID(unitidgen.NextID());
        }
      }
    }
 
    if (new_owner != INVALID_OWNER) GroupStatistics::UpdateAutoreplace(new_owner);
  }
 
  /*  Change ownership of tiles */
  {
    for (const auto tile : Map::Iterate()) {
      ChangeTileOwner(tile, old_owner, new_owner);
    }
 
    if (new_owner != INVALID_OWNER) {
      /* Update all signals because there can be new segment that was owned by two companies
       * and signals were not propagated
       * Similar with crossings - it is needed to bar crossings that weren't before
       * because of different owner of crossing and approaching train */
      for (const auto tile : Map::Iterate()) {
        if (IsTileType(tile, MP_RAILWAY) && IsTileOwner(tile, new_owner) && HasSignals(tile)) {
          TrackBits tracks = GetTrackBits(tile);
          do { // there may be two tracks with signals for TRACK_BIT_HORZ and TRACK_BIT_VERT
            Track track = RemoveFirstTrack(&tracks);
            if (HasSignalOnTrack(tile, track)) AddTrackToSignalBuffer(tile, track, new_owner);
          } while (tracks != TRACK_BIT_NONE);
        } else if (IsLevelCrossingTile(tile) && IsTileOwner(tile, new_owner)) {
          UpdateLevelCrossing(tile);
        }
      }
    }
 
    /* update signals in buffer */
    UpdateSignalsInBuffer();
  }
 
  /* Add airport infrastructure count of the old company to the new one. */
  if (new_owner != INVALID_OWNER) Company::Get(new_owner)->infrastructure.airport += Company::Get(old_owner)->infrastructure.airport;
 
  /* convert owner of stations (including deleted ones, but excluding buoys) */
  for (Station *st : Station::Iterate()) {
    if (st->owner == old_owner) {
      /* if a company goes bankrupt, set owner to OWNER_NONE so the sign doesn't disappear immediately
       * also, drawing station window would cause reading invalid company's colour */
      st->owner = new_owner == INVALID_OWNER ? OWNER_NONE : new_owner;
    }
  }
 
  /* do the same for waypoints (we need to do this here so deleted waypoints are converted too) */
  for (Waypoint *wp : Waypoint::Iterate()) {
    if (wp->owner == old_owner) {
      wp->owner = new_owner == INVALID_OWNER ? OWNER_NONE : new_owner;
    }
  }
 
  for (Sign *si : Sign::Iterate()) {
    if (si->owner == old_owner) si->owner = new_owner == INVALID_OWNER ? OWNER_NONE : new_owner;
  }
 
  /* Remove Game Script created Goals, CargoMonitors and Story pages. */
  for (Goal *g : Goal::Iterate()) {
    if (g->company == old_owner) delete g;
  }
 
  ClearCargoPickupMonitoring(old_owner);
  ClearCargoDeliveryMonitoring(old_owner);
 
  for (StoryPage *sp : StoryPage::Iterate()) {
    if (sp->company == old_owner) delete sp;
  }
 
  /* Change colour of existing windows */
  if (new_owner != INVALID_OWNER) ChangeWindowOwner(old_owner, new_owner);
 
  cur_company.Restore();
 
  MarkWholeScreenDirty();
}
void ChangeOwnershipOfCompanyItems(Owner old_owner, Owner new_owner) {…}
 
static void CompanyCheckBankrupt(Company *c)
{
  /* If "Infinite money" setting is on, companies should not go bankrupt. */
  if (_settings_game.difficulty.infinite_money) return;
 
  /*  If the company has money again, it does not go bankrupt */
  if (c->money - c->current_loan >= -c->GetMaxLoan()) {
    int previous_months_of_bankruptcy = CeilDiv(c->months_of_bankruptcy, 3);
    c->months_of_bankruptcy = 0;
    c->bankrupt_asked = CompanyMask{};
    if (previous_months_of_bankruptcy != 0) CompanyAdminUpdate(c);
    return;
  }
 
  c->months_of_bankruptcy++;
 
  switch (c->months_of_bankruptcy) {
    /* All the boring cases (months) with a bad balance where no action is taken */
    case 0:
    case 1:
    case 2:
    case 3:
 
    case 5:
    case 6:
 
    case 8:
    case 9:
      break;
 
    /* Warn about bankruptcy after 3 months */
    case 4: {
      auto cni = std::make_unique<CompanyNewsInformation>(STR_NEWS_COMPANY_IN_TROUBLE_TITLE, c);
      EncodedString headline = GetEncodedString(STR_NEWS_COMPANY_IN_TROUBLE_DESCRIPTION, cni->company_name);
      AddCompanyNewsItem(std::move(headline), std::move(cni));
      AI::BroadcastNewEvent(new ScriptEventCompanyInTrouble(c->index));
      Game::NewEvent(new ScriptEventCompanyInTrouble(c->index));
      break;
    }
 
    /* Offer company for sale after 6 months */
    case 7: {
      /* Don't consider the loan */
      Money val = CalculateCompanyValue(c, false);
 
      c->bankrupt_value = val;
      c->bankrupt_asked = CompanyMask{}.Set(c->index); // Don't ask the owner
      c->bankrupt_timeout = 0;
 
      /* The company assets should always have some value */
      assert(c->bankrupt_value > 0);
      break;
    }
 
    /* Bankrupt company after 6 months (if the company has no value) or latest
     * after 9 months (if it still had value after 6 months) */
    default:
    case 10: {
      if (!_networking && _local_company == c->index) {
        /* If we are in singleplayer mode, leave the company playing. Eg. there
         * is no THE-END, otherwise mark the client as spectator to make sure
         * they are no longer in control of this company. However... when you
         * join another company (cheat) the "unowned" company can bankrupt. */
        c->bankrupt_asked.Set();
        break;
      }
 
      /* Actually remove the company, but not when we're a network client.
       * In case of network clients we will be getting a command from the
       * server. It is done in this way as we are called from the
       * StateGameLoop which can't change the current company, and thus
       * updating the local company triggers an assert later on. In the
       * case of a network game the command will be processed at a time
       * that changing the current company is okay. In case of single
       * player we are sure (the above check) that we are not the local
       * company and thus we won't be moved. */
      if (!_networking || _network_server) {
        Command<CMD_COMPANY_CTRL>::Post(CCA_DELETE, c->index, CRR_BANKRUPT, INVALID_CLIENT_ID);
        return;
      }
      break;
    }
  }
 
  if (CeilDiv(c->months_of_bankruptcy, 3) != CeilDiv(c->months_of_bankruptcy - 1, 3)) CompanyAdminUpdate(c);
}
static void CompanyCheckBankrupt(Company *c) {…}
 
static void CompaniesGenStatistics()
{
  /* Check for bankruptcy each month */
  for (Company *c : Company::Iterate()) {
    CompanyCheckBankrupt(c);
  }
 
  Backup<CompanyID> cur_company(_current_company);
 
  /* Pay Infrastructure Maintenance, if enabled */
  if (_settings_game.economy.infrastructure_maintenance) {
    /* Improved monthly infrastructure costs. */
    for (const Company *c : Company::Iterate()) {
      cur_company.Change(c->index);
 
      CommandCost cost(EXPENSES_PROPERTY);
      uint32_t rail_total = c->infrastructure.GetRailTotal();
      for (RailType rt = RAILTYPE_BEGIN; rt < RAILTYPE_END; rt++) {
        if (c->infrastructure.rail[rt] != 0) cost.AddCost(RailMaintenanceCost(rt, c->infrastructure.rail[rt], rail_total));
      }
      cost.AddCost(SignalMaintenanceCost(c->infrastructure.signal));
      uint32_t road_total = c->infrastructure.GetRoadTotal();
      uint32_t tram_total = c->infrastructure.GetTramTotal();
      for (RoadType rt = ROADTYPE_BEGIN; rt < ROADTYPE_END; rt++) {
        if (c->infrastructure.road[rt] != 0) cost.AddCost(RoadMaintenanceCost(rt, c->infrastructure.road[rt], RoadTypeIsRoad(rt) ? road_total : tram_total));
      }
      cost.AddCost(CanalMaintenanceCost(c->infrastructure.water));
      cost.AddCost(StationMaintenanceCost(c->infrastructure.station));
      cost.AddCost(AirportMaintenanceCost(c->index));
 
      SubtractMoneyFromCompany(cost);
    }
  }
  cur_company.Restore();
 
  /* Only run the economic statistics and update company stats every 3rd economy month (1st of quarter). */
  if (!HasBit(1 << 0 | 1 << 3 | 1 << 6 | 1 << 9, TimerGameEconomy::month)) return;
 
  for (Company *c : Company::Iterate()) {
    /* Drop the oldest history off the end */
    std::copy_backward(c->old_economy.data(), c->old_economy.data() + MAX_HISTORY_QUARTERS - 1, c->old_economy.data() + MAX_HISTORY_QUARTERS);
    c->old_economy[0] = c->cur_economy;
    c->cur_economy = {};
 
    if (c->num_valid_stat_ent != MAX_HISTORY_QUARTERS) c->num_valid_stat_ent++;
 
    UpdateCompanyRatingAndValue(c, true);
    if (c->block_preview != 0) c->block_preview--;
  }
 
  SetWindowDirty(WC_INCOME_GRAPH, 0);
  SetWindowDirty(WC_OPERATING_PROFIT, 0);
  SetWindowDirty(WC_DELIVERED_CARGO, 0);
  SetWindowDirty(WC_PERFORMANCE_HISTORY, 0);
  SetWindowDirty(WC_COMPANY_VALUE, 0);
  SetWindowDirty(WC_COMPANY_LEAGUE, 0);
}
static void CompaniesGenStatistics() {…}
 
bool AddInflation(bool check_year)
{
  /* The cargo payment inflation differs from the normal inflation, so the
   * relative amount of money you make with a transport decreases slowly over
   * the 170 years. After a few hundred years we reach a level in which the
   * games will become unplayable as the maximum income will be less than
   * the minimum running cost.
   *
   * Furthermore there are a lot of inflation related overflows all over the
   * place. Solving them is hardly possible because inflation will always
   * reach the overflow threshold some day. So we'll just perform the
   * inflation mechanism during the first 170 years (the amount of years that
   * one had in the original TTD) and stop doing the inflation after that
   * because it only causes problems that can't be solved nicely and the
   * inflation doesn't add anything after that either; it even makes playing
   * it impossible due to the diverging cost and income rates.
   */
  if (check_year && (TimerGameCalendar::year < CalendarTime::ORIGINAL_BASE_YEAR || TimerGameCalendar::year >= CalendarTime::ORIGINAL_MAX_YEAR)) return true;
 
  if (_economy.inflation_prices == MAX_INFLATION || _economy.inflation_payment == MAX_INFLATION) return true;
 
  /* Approximation for (100 + infl_amount)% ** (1 / 12) - 100%
   * scaled by 65536
   * 12 -> months per year
   * This is only a good approximation for small values
   */
  _economy.inflation_prices  += (_economy.inflation_prices  * _economy.infl_amount    * 54) >> 16;
  _economy.inflation_payment += (_economy.inflation_payment * _economy.infl_amount_pr * 54) >> 16;
 
  if (_economy.inflation_prices > MAX_INFLATION) _economy.inflation_prices = MAX_INFLATION;
  if (_economy.inflation_payment > MAX_INFLATION) _economy.inflation_payment = MAX_INFLATION;
 
  return false;
}
bool AddInflation(bool check_year) {…}
 
void RecomputePrices()
{
  /* Setup maximum loan as a rounded down multiple of LOAN_INTERVAL. */
  _economy.max_loan = ((uint64_t)_settings_game.difficulty.max_loan * _economy.inflation_prices >> 16) / LOAN_INTERVAL * LOAN_INTERVAL;
 
  /* Setup price bases */
  for (Price i = PR_BEGIN; i < PR_END; i++) {
    Money price = _price_base_specs[i].start_price;
 
    /* Apply difficulty settings */
    uint mod = 1;
    switch (_price_base_specs[i].category) {
      case PCAT_RUNNING:
        mod = _settings_game.difficulty.vehicle_costs;
        break;
 
      case PCAT_CONSTRUCTION:
        mod = _settings_game.difficulty.construction_cost;
        break;
 
      default: break;
    }
    switch (mod) {
      case 0: price *= 6; break;
      case 1: price *= 8; break; // normalised to 1 below
      case 2: price *= 9; break;
      default: NOT_REACHED();
    }
 
    /* Apply inflation */
    price = (int64_t)price * _economy.inflation_prices;
 
    /* Apply newgrf modifiers, remove fractional part of inflation, and normalise on medium difficulty. */
    int shift = _price_base_multiplier[i] - 16 - 3;
    if (shift >= 0) {
      price <<= shift;
    } else {
      price >>= -shift;
    }
 
    /* Make sure the price does not get reduced to zero.
     * Zero breaks quite a few commands that use a zero
     * cost to see whether something got changed or not
     * and based on that cause an error. When the price
     * is zero that fails even when things are done. */
    if (price == 0) {
      price = Clamp(_price_base_specs[i].start_price, -1, 1);
      /* No base price should be zero, but be sure. */
      assert(price != 0);
    }
    /* Store value */
    _price[i] = price;
  }
 
  /* Setup cargo payment */
  for (CargoSpec *cs : CargoSpec::Iterate()) {
    cs->current_payment = (cs->initial_payment * (int64_t)_economy.inflation_payment) >> 16;
  }
 
  SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_BUILD_VEHICLE);
  SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_REPLACE_VEHICLE);
  SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS);
  SetWindowClassesDirty(WC_COMPANY_INFRASTRUCTURE);
  InvalidateWindowData(WC_PAYMENT_RATES, 0);
}
void RecomputePrices() {…}
 
static void CompaniesPayInterest()
{
  Backup<CompanyID> cur_company(_current_company);
  for (const Company *c : Company::Iterate()) {
    cur_company.Change(c->index);
 
    /* Over a year the paid interest should be "loan * interest percentage",
     * but... as that number is likely not dividable by 12 (pay each month),
     * one needs to account for that in the monthly fee calculations.
     *
     * To easily calculate what one should pay "this" month, you calculate
     * what (total) should have been paid up to this month and you subtract
     * whatever has been paid in the previous months. This will mean one month
     * it'll be a bit more and the other it'll be a bit less than the average
     * monthly fee, but on average it will be exact.
     *
     * In order to prevent cheating or abuse (just not paying interest by not
     * taking a loan) we make companies pay interest on negative cash as well,
     * except if infinite money is enabled.
     */
    Money yearly_fee = c->current_loan * _economy.interest_rate / 100;
    Money available_money = GetAvailableMoney(c->index);
    if (available_money < 0) {
      yearly_fee += -available_money * _economy.interest_rate / 100;
    }
    Money up_to_previous_month = yearly_fee * TimerGameEconomy::month / 12;
    Money up_to_this_month = yearly_fee * (TimerGameEconomy::month + 1) / 12;
 
    SubtractMoneyFromCompany(CommandCost(EXPENSES_LOAN_INTEREST, up_to_this_month - up_to_previous_month));
 
    SubtractMoneyFromCompany(CommandCost(EXPENSES_OTHER, _price[PR_STATION_VALUE] >> 2));
  }
  cur_company.Restore();
}
static void CompaniesPayInterest() {…}
 
static void HandleEconomyFluctuations()
{
  if (_settings_game.difficulty.economy != 0) {
    /* When economy is Fluctuating, decrease counter */
    _economy.fluct--;
  } else if (EconomyIsInRecession()) {
    /* When it's Steady and we are in recession, end it now */
    _economy.fluct = -12;
  } else {
    /* No need to do anything else in other cases */
    return;
  }
 
  if (_economy.fluct == 0) {
    _economy.fluct = -(int)GB(Random(), 0, 2);
    AddNewsItem(GetEncodedString(STR_NEWS_BEGIN_OF_RECESSION), NewsType::Economy, NewsStyle::Normal, {});
  } else if (_economy.fluct == -12) {
    _economy.fluct = GB(Random(), 0, 8) + 312;
    AddNewsItem(GetEncodedString(STR_NEWS_END_OF_RECESSION), NewsType::Economy, NewsStyle::Normal, {});
  }
}
 
 
void ResetPriceBaseMultipliers()
{
  _price_base_multiplier.fill(0);
}
void ResetPriceBaseMultipliers() {…}
 
void SetPriceBaseMultiplier(Price price, int factor)
{
  assert(price < PR_END);
  _price_base_multiplier[price] = Clamp(factor, MIN_PRICE_MODIFIER, MAX_PRICE_MODIFIER);
}
void SetPriceBaseMultiplier(Price price, int factor) {…}
 
void StartupIndustryDailyChanges(bool init_counter)
{
  uint map_size = Map::LogX() + Map::LogY();
  /* After getting map size, it needs to be scaled appropriately and divided by 31,
   * which stands for the days in a month.
   * Using just 31 will make it so that a monthly reset (based on the real number of days of that month)
   * would not be needed.
   * Since it is based on "fractional parts", the leftover days will not make much of a difference
   * on the overall total number of changes performed */
  _economy.industry_daily_increment = (1 << map_size) / 31;
 
  if (init_counter) {
    /* A new game or a savegame from an older version will require the counter to be initialized */
    _economy.industry_daily_change_counter = 0;
  }
}
void StartupIndustryDailyChanges(bool init_counter) {…}
 
void StartupEconomy()
{
  _economy.interest_rate = _settings_game.difficulty.initial_interest;
  _economy.infl_amount = _settings_game.difficulty.initial_interest;
  _economy.infl_amount_pr = std::max(0, _settings_game.difficulty.initial_interest - 1);
  _economy.fluct = GB(Random(), 0, 8) + 168;
 
  if (_settings_game.economy.inflation) {
    /* Apply inflation that happened before our game start year. */
    int months = (std::min(TimerGameCalendar::year, CalendarTime::ORIGINAL_MAX_YEAR) - CalendarTime::ORIGINAL_BASE_YEAR).base() * 12;
    for (int i = 0; i < months; i++) {
      AddInflation(false);
    }
  }
 
  /* Set up prices */
  RecomputePrices();
 
  StartupIndustryDailyChanges(true); // As we are starting a new game, initialize the counter too
 
}
 
void InitializeEconomy()
{
  _economy.inflation_prices = _economy.inflation_payment = 1 << 16;
  ClearCargoPickupMonitoring();
  ClearCargoDeliveryMonitoring();
}
void InitializeEconomy() {…}
 
Money GetPrice(Price index, uint cost_factor, const GRFFile *grf_file, int shift)
{
  if (index >= PR_END) return 0;
 
  Money cost = _price[index] * cost_factor;
  if (grf_file != nullptr) shift += grf_file->price_base_multipliers[index];
 
  if (shift >= 0) {
    cost <<= shift;
  } else {
    cost >>= -shift;
  }
 
  return cost;
}
Money GetPrice(Price index, uint cost_factor, const GRFFile *grf_file, int shift) {…}
 
Money GetTransportedGoodsIncome(uint num_pieces, uint dist, uint16_t transit_periods, CargoType cargo_type)
{
  const CargoSpec *cs = CargoSpec::Get(cargo_type);
  if (!cs->IsValid()) {
    /* User changed newgrfs and some vehicle still carries some cargo which is no longer available. */
    return 0;
  }
 
  /* Use callback to calculate cargo profit, if available */
  if (cs->callback_mask.Test(CargoCallbackMask::ProfitCalc)) {
    uint32_t var18 = ClampTo<uint16_t>(dist) | (ClampTo<uint8_t>(num_pieces) << 16) | (ClampTo<uint8_t>(transit_periods) << 24);
    uint16_t callback = GetCargoCallback(CBID_CARGO_PROFIT_CALC, 0, var18, cs);
    if (callback != CALLBACK_FAILED) {
      int result = GB(callback, 0, 14);
 
      /* Simulate a 15 bit signed value */
      if (HasBit(callback, 14)) result -= 0x4000;
 
      /* "The result should be a signed multiplier that gets multiplied
       * by the amount of cargo moved and the price factor, then gets
       * divided by 8192." */
      return result * num_pieces * cs->current_payment / 8192;
    }
  }
 
  static const int MIN_TIME_FACTOR = 31;
  static const int MAX_TIME_FACTOR = 255;
  static const int TIME_FACTOR_FRAC_BITS = 4;
  static const int TIME_FACTOR_FRAC = 1 << TIME_FACTOR_FRAC_BITS;
 
  const int periods1 = cs->transit_periods[0];
  const int periods2 = cs->transit_periods[1];
  const int periods_over_periods1 = std::max(transit_periods - periods1, 0);
  const int periods_over_periods2 = std::max(periods_over_periods1 - periods2, 0);
  int periods_over_max = MIN_TIME_FACTOR - MAX_TIME_FACTOR;
  if (periods2 > -periods_over_max) {
    periods_over_max += transit_periods - periods1;
  } else {
    periods_over_max += 2 * (transit_periods - periods1) - periods2;
  }
 
  /*
   * The time factor is calculated based on the time it took
   * (transit_periods) compared two cargo-depending values. The
   * range is divided into four parts:
   *
   *  - constant for fast transits
   *  - linear decreasing with time with a slope of -1 for medium transports
   *  - linear decreasing with time with a slope of -2 for slow transports
   *  - after hitting MIN_TIME_FACTOR, the time factor will be asymptotically decreased to a limit of 1 with a scaled 1/(x+1) function.
   *
   */
  if (periods_over_max > 0) {
    const int time_factor = std::max(2 * MIN_TIME_FACTOR * TIME_FACTOR_FRAC * TIME_FACTOR_FRAC / (periods_over_max + 2 * TIME_FACTOR_FRAC), 1); // MIN_TIME_FACTOR / (x/(2 * TIME_FACTOR_FRAC) + 1) + 1, expressed as fixed point with TIME_FACTOR_FRAC_BITS.
    return BigMulS(dist * time_factor * num_pieces, cs->current_payment, 21 + TIME_FACTOR_FRAC_BITS);
  } else {
    const int time_factor = std::max(MAX_TIME_FACTOR - periods_over_periods1 - periods_over_periods2, MIN_TIME_FACTOR);
    return BigMulS(dist * time_factor * num_pieces, cs->current_payment, 21);
  }
}
 
static SmallIndustryList _cargo_delivery_destinations;
 
static uint DeliverGoodsToIndustry(const Station *st, CargoType cargo_type, uint num_pieces, IndustryID source, CompanyID company)
{
  /* Find the nearest industrytile to the station sign inside the catchment area, whose industry accepts the cargo.
   * This fails in three cases:
   *  1) The station accepts the cargo because there are enough houses around it accepting the cargo.
   *  2) The industries in the catchment area temporarily reject the cargo, and the daily station loop has not yet updated station acceptance.
   *  3) The results of callbacks CBID_INDUSTRY_REFUSE_CARGO and CBID_INDTILE_CARGO_ACCEPTANCE are inconsistent. (documented behaviour)
   */
 
  uint accepted = 0;
 
  for (const auto &i : st->industries_near) {
    if (num_pieces == 0) break;
 
    Industry *ind = i.industry;
    if (ind->index == source) continue;
 
    auto it = ind->GetCargoAccepted(cargo_type);
    /* Check if matching cargo has been found */
    if (it == std::end(ind->accepted)) continue;
 
    /* Check if industry temporarily refuses acceptance */
    if (IndustryTemporarilyRefusesCargo(ind, cargo_type)) continue;
 
    if (ind->exclusive_supplier != INVALID_OWNER && ind->exclusive_supplier != st->owner) continue;
 
    /* Insert the industry into _cargo_delivery_destinations, if not yet contained */
    include(_cargo_delivery_destinations, ind);
 
    uint amount = std::min(num_pieces, 0xFFFFu - it->waiting);
    it->waiting += amount;
    it->last_accepted = TimerGameEconomy::date;
    num_pieces -= amount;
    accepted += amount;
 
    /* Update the cargo monitor. */
    AddCargoDelivery(cargo_type, company, amount, {source, SourceType::Industry}, st, ind->index);
  }
 
  return accepted;
}
static uint DeliverGoodsToIndustry(const Station *st, CargoType cargo_type, uint num_pieces, IndustryID source, CompanyID company) {…}
 
static Money DeliverGoods(int num_pieces, CargoType cargo_type, StationID dest, uint distance, uint16_t periods_in_transit, Company *company, Source src)
{
  assert(num_pieces > 0);
 
  Station *st = Station::Get(dest);
 
  /* Give the goods to the industry. */
  uint accepted_ind = DeliverGoodsToIndustry(st, cargo_type, num_pieces, src.type == SourceType::Industry ? src.ToIndustryID() : IndustryID::Invalid(), company->index);
 
  /* If this cargo type is always accepted, accept all */
  uint accepted_total = HasBit(st->always_accepted, cargo_type) ? num_pieces : accepted_ind;
 
  /* Update station statistics */
  if (accepted_total > 0) {
    st->goods[cargo_type].status.Set({GoodsEntry::State::EverAccepted, GoodsEntry::State::CurrentMonth, GoodsEntry::State::AcceptedBigtick});
  }
 
  /* Update company statistics */
  company->cur_economy.delivered_cargo[cargo_type] += accepted_total;
 
  /* Increase town's counter for town effects */
  const CargoSpec *cs = CargoSpec::Get(cargo_type);
  st->town->received[cs->town_acceptance_effect].new_act += accepted_total;
 
  /* Determine profit */
  Money profit = GetTransportedGoodsIncome(accepted_total, distance, periods_in_transit, cargo_type);
 
  /* Update the cargo monitor. */
  AddCargoDelivery(cargo_type, company->index, accepted_total - accepted_ind, src, st);
 
  /* Modify profit if a subsidy is in effect */
  if (CheckSubsidised(cargo_type, company->index, src, st))  {
    switch (_settings_game.difficulty.subsidy_multiplier) {
      case 0:  profit += profit >> 1; break;
      case 1:  profit *= 2; break;
      case 2:  profit *= 3; break;
      default: profit *= 4; break;
    }
  }
 
  return profit;
}
static Money DeliverGoods(int num_pieces, CargoType cargo_type, StationID dest, uint distance, uint16_t periods_in_transit, Company *company, Source src) {…}
 
static void TriggerIndustryProduction(Industry *i)
{
  const IndustrySpec *indspec = GetIndustrySpec(i->type);
  IndustryCallbackMasks cbm = indspec->callback_mask;
 
  i->was_cargo_delivered = true;
 
  if (cbm.Test(IndustryCallbackMask::ProductionCargoArrival) || cbm.Test(IndustryCallbackMask::Production256Ticks)) {
    if (cbm.Test(IndustryCallbackMask::ProductionCargoArrival)) {
      IndustryProductionCallback(i, 0);
    } else {
      SetWindowDirty(WC_INDUSTRY_VIEW, i->index);
    }
  } else {
    for (auto ita = std::begin(i->accepted); ita != std::end(i->accepted); ++ita) {
      if (ita->waiting == 0 || !IsValidCargoType(ita->cargo)) continue;
 
      for (auto itp = std::begin(i->produced); itp != std::end(i->produced); ++itp) {
        if (!IsValidCargoType(itp->cargo)) continue;
        itp->waiting = ClampTo<uint16_t>(itp->waiting + (ita->waiting * indspec->input_cargo_multiplier[ita - std::begin(i->accepted)][itp - std::begin(i->produced)] / 256));
      }
 
      ita->waiting = 0;
    }
  }
 
  TriggerIndustryRandomisation(i, IndustryRandomTrigger::CargoReceived);
  TriggerIndustryAnimation(i, IndustryAnimationTrigger::CargoReceived);
}
static void TriggerIndustryProduction(Industry *i) {…}
 
CargoPayment::CargoPayment(Vehicle *front) :
  current_station(front->last_station_visited),
  front(front)
{
}
CargoPayment::CargoPayment(Vehicle *front) : {…}
 
CargoPayment::~CargoPayment()
{
  if (this->CleaningPool()) return;
 
  this->front->cargo_payment = nullptr;
 
  if (this->visual_profit == 0 && this->visual_transfer == 0) return;
 
  Backup<CompanyID> cur_company(_current_company, this->front->owner);
 
  SubtractMoneyFromCompany(CommandCost(this->front->GetExpenseType(true), -this->route_profit));
  this->front->profit_this_year += (this->visual_profit + this->visual_transfer) << 8;
 
  if (this->route_profit != 0 && IsLocalCompany() && !PlayVehicleSound(this->front, VSE_LOAD_UNLOAD)) {
    SndPlayVehicleFx(SND_14_CASHTILL, this->front);
  }
 
  if (this->visual_transfer != 0) {
    ShowFeederIncomeAnimation(this->front->x_pos, this->front->y_pos,
        this->front->z_pos, this->visual_transfer, -this->visual_profit);
  } else {
    ShowCostOrIncomeAnimation(this->front->x_pos, this->front->y_pos,
        this->front->z_pos, -this->visual_profit);
  }
 
  cur_company.Restore();
}
 
void CargoPayment::PayFinalDelivery(CargoType cargo, const CargoPacket *cp, uint count, TileIndex current_tile)
{
  /* Handle end of route payment */
  Money profit = DeliverGoods(count, cargo, this->current_station, cp->GetDistance(current_tile), cp->GetPeriodsInTransit(), Company::Get(this->front->owner), cp->GetSource());
  this->route_profit += profit;
 
  /* The vehicle's profit is whatever route profit there is minus feeder shares. */
  this->visual_profit += profit - cp->GetFeederShare(count);
}
void CargoPayment::PayFinalDelivery(CargoType cargo, const CargoPacket *cp, uint count, TileIndex current_tile) {…}
 
Money CargoPayment::PayTransfer(CargoType cargo, const CargoPacket *cp, uint count, TileIndex current_tile)
{
  /* Pay transfer vehicle the difference between the payment for the journey from
   * the source to the current point, and the sum of the previous transfer payments */
  Money profit = -cp->GetFeederShare(count) + GetTransportedGoodsIncome(
      count,
      cp->GetDistance(current_tile),
      cp->GetPeriodsInTransit(),
      cargo);
 
  profit = profit * _settings_game.economy.feeder_payment_share / 100;
 
  this->visual_transfer += profit; // accumulate transfer profits for whole vehicle
  return profit; // account for the (virtual) profit already made for the cargo packet
}
Money CargoPayment::PayTransfer(CargoType cargo, const CargoPacket *cp, uint count, TileIndex current_tile) {…}
 
void PrepareUnload(Vehicle *front_v)
{
  Station *curr_station = Station::Get(front_v->last_station_visited);
  curr_station->loading_vehicles.push_back(front_v);
 
  /* At this moment loading cannot be finished */
  front_v->vehicle_flags.Reset(VehicleFlag::LoadingFinished);
 
  /* Start unloading at the first possible moment */
  front_v->load_unload_ticks = 1;
 
  assert(front_v->cargo_payment == nullptr);
  /* One CargoPayment per vehicle and the vehicle limit equals the
   * limit in number of CargoPayments. Can't go wrong. */
  static_assert(CargoPaymentPool::MAX_SIZE == VehiclePool::MAX_SIZE);
  assert(CargoPayment::CanAllocateItem());
  front_v->cargo_payment = new CargoPayment(front_v);
 
  StationIDStack next_station = front_v->GetNextStoppingStation();
  if (front_v->orders == nullptr || (front_v->current_order.GetUnloadType() & OUFB_NO_UNLOAD) == 0) {
    Station *st = Station::Get(front_v->last_station_visited);
    for (Vehicle *v = front_v; v != nullptr; v = v->Next()) {
      const GoodsEntry *ge = &st->goods[v->cargo_type];
      if (v->cargo_cap > 0 && v->cargo.TotalCount() > 0) {
        v->cargo.Stage(
            ge->status.Test(GoodsEntry::State::Acceptance),
            front_v->last_station_visited, next_station,
            front_v->current_order.GetUnloadType(), ge,
            v->cargo_type, front_v->cargo_payment,
            v->GetCargoTile());
        if (v->cargo.UnloadCount() > 0) v->vehicle_flags.Set(VehicleFlag::CargoUnloading);
      }
    }
  }
}
void PrepareUnload(Vehicle *front_v) {…}
 
static uint GetLoadAmount(Vehicle *v)
{
  const Engine *e = v->GetEngine();
  uint load_amount = e->info.load_amount;
 
  /* The default loadamount for mail is 1/4 of the load amount for passengers */
  bool air_mail = v->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT && !Aircraft::From(v)->IsNormalAircraft();
  if (air_mail) load_amount = CeilDiv(load_amount, 4);
 
  if (_settings_game.order.gradual_loading) {
    uint16_t cb_load_amount = CALLBACK_FAILED;
    if (e->GetGRF() != nullptr && e->GetGRF()->grf_version >= 8) {
      /* Use callback 36 */
      cb_load_amount = GetVehicleProperty(v, PROP_VEHICLE_LOAD_AMOUNT, CALLBACK_FAILED);
    } else if (e->info.callback_mask.Test(VehicleCallbackMask::LoadAmount)) {
      /* Use callback 12 */
      cb_load_amount = GetVehicleCallback(CBID_VEHICLE_LOAD_AMOUNT, 0, 0, v->engine_type, v);
    }
    if (cb_load_amount != CALLBACK_FAILED) {
      if (e->GetGRF()->grf_version < 8) cb_load_amount = GB(cb_load_amount, 0, 8);
      if (cb_load_amount >= 0x100) {
        ErrorUnknownCallbackResult(e->GetGRFID(), CBID_VEHICLE_LOAD_AMOUNT, cb_load_amount);
      } else if (cb_load_amount != 0) {
        load_amount = cb_load_amount;
      }
    }
  }
 
  /* Scale load amount the same as capacity */
  if (e->info.misc_flags.Test(EngineMiscFlag::NoDefaultCargoMultiplier) && !air_mail) load_amount = CeilDiv(load_amount * CargoSpec::Get(v->cargo_type)->multiplier, 0x100);
 
  /* Zero load amount breaks a lot of things. */
  return std::max(1u, load_amount);
}
static uint GetLoadAmount(Vehicle *v) {…}
 
template <class Taction>
bool IterateVehicleParts(Vehicle *v, Taction action)
{
  for (Vehicle *w = v; w != nullptr;
      w = w->HasArticulatedPart() ? w->GetNextArticulatedPart() : nullptr) {
    if (!action(w)) return false;
    if (w->type == VEH_TRAIN) {
      Train *train = Train::From(w);
      if (train->IsMultiheaded() && !action(train->other_multiheaded_part)) return false;
    }
  }
  if (v->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT && Aircraft::From(v)->IsNormalAircraft()) return action(v->Next());
  return true;
}
bool IterateVehicleParts(Vehicle *v, Taction action) {…}
 
struct IsEmptyAction
{
  bool operator()(const Vehicle *v)
  {
    return v->cargo.StoredCount() == 0;
  }
  bool operator()(const Vehicle *v) {…}
};
struct IsEmptyAction {…};
 
struct PrepareRefitAction
{
  CargoArray &consist_capleft; 
  CargoTypes &refit_mask;          
 
  PrepareRefitAction(CargoArray &consist_capleft, CargoTypes &refit_mask) :
    consist_capleft(consist_capleft), refit_mask(refit_mask) {}
  PrepareRefitAction(CargoArray &consist_capleft, CargoTypes &refit_mask) : {…}
 
  bool operator()(const Vehicle *v)
  {
    this->consist_capleft[v->cargo_type] -= v->cargo_cap - v->cargo.ReservedCount();
    this->refit_mask |= EngInfo(v->engine_type)->refit_mask;
    return true;
  }
  bool operator()(const Vehicle *v) {…}
};
struct PrepareRefitAction {…};
 
struct ReturnCargoAction
{
  Station *st;        
  StationID next_hop; 
 
  ReturnCargoAction(Station *st, StationID next_one) : st(st), next_hop(next_one) {}
 
  bool operator()(Vehicle *v)
  {
    v->cargo.Return(UINT_MAX, &this->st->goods[v->cargo_type].GetOrCreateData().cargo, this->next_hop, v->GetCargoTile());
    return true;
  }
  bool operator()(Vehicle *v) {…}
};
struct ReturnCargoAction {…};
 
struct FinalizeRefitAction
{
  CargoArray &consist_capleft;  
  Station *st;                  
  StationIDStack &next_station; 
  bool do_reserve;              
 
  FinalizeRefitAction(CargoArray &consist_capleft, Station *st, StationIDStack &next_station, bool do_reserve) :
    consist_capleft(consist_capleft), st(st), next_station(next_station), do_reserve(do_reserve) {}
  FinalizeRefitAction(CargoArray &consist_capleft, Station *st, StationIDStack &next_station, bool do_reserve) : {…}
 
  bool operator()(Vehicle *v)
  {
    if (this->do_reserve) {
      this->st->goods[v->cargo_type].GetOrCreateData().cargo.Reserve(v->cargo_cap - v->cargo.RemainingCount(),
          &v->cargo, this->next_station, v->GetCargoTile());
    }
    this->consist_capleft[v->cargo_type] += v->cargo_cap - v->cargo.RemainingCount();
    return true;
  }
  bool operator()(Vehicle *v) {…}
};
struct FinalizeRefitAction {…};
 
static void HandleStationRefit(Vehicle *v, CargoArray &consist_capleft, Station *st, StationIDStack next_station, CargoType new_cargo_type)
{
  Vehicle *v_start = v->GetFirstEnginePart();
  if (!IterateVehicleParts(v_start, IsEmptyAction())) return;
 
  Backup<CompanyID> cur_company(_current_company, v->owner);
 
  CargoTypes refit_mask = v->GetEngine()->info.refit_mask;
 
  /* Remove old capacity from consist capacity and collect refit mask. */
  IterateVehicleParts(v_start, PrepareRefitAction(consist_capleft, refit_mask));
 
  bool is_auto_refit = new_cargo_type == CARGO_AUTO_REFIT;
  if (is_auto_refit) {
    /* Get a refittable cargo type with waiting cargo for next_station or StationID::Invalid(). */
    new_cargo_type = v_start->cargo_type;
    for (CargoType cargo_type : SetCargoBitIterator(refit_mask)) {
      if (st->goods[cargo_type].HasData() && st->goods[cargo_type].GetData().cargo.HasCargoFor(next_station)) {
        /* Try to find out if auto-refitting would succeed. In case the refit is allowed,
         * the returned refit capacity will be greater than zero. */
        auto [cc, refit_capacity, mail_capacity, cargo_capacities] = Command<CMD_REFIT_VEHICLE>::Do(DoCommandFlag::QueryCost, v_start->index, cargo_type, 0xFF, true, false, 1); // Auto-refit and only this vehicle including artic parts.
        /* Try to balance different loadable cargoes between parts of the consist, so that
         * all of them can be loaded. Avoid a situation where all vehicles suddenly switch
         * to the first loadable cargo for which there is only one packet. If the capacities
         * are equal refit to the cargo of which most is available. This is important for
         * consists of only a single vehicle as those will generally have a consist_capleft
         * of 0 for all cargoes. */
        if (refit_capacity > 0 && (consist_capleft[cargo_type] < consist_capleft[new_cargo_type] ||
            (consist_capleft[cargo_type] == consist_capleft[new_cargo_type] &&
            st->goods[cargo_type].GetData().cargo.AvailableCount() > st->goods[new_cargo_type].GetData().cargo.AvailableCount()))) {
          new_cargo_type = cargo_type;
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  /* Refit if given a valid cargo. */
  if (new_cargo_type < NUM_CARGO && new_cargo_type != v_start->cargo_type) {
    /* StationID::Invalid() because in the DT_MANUAL case that's correct and in the DT_(A)SYMMETRIC
     * cases the next hop of the vehicle doesn't really tell us anything if the cargo had been
     * "via any station" before reserving. We rather produce some more "any station" cargo than
     * misrouting it. */
    IterateVehicleParts(v_start, ReturnCargoAction(st, StationID::Invalid()));
    CommandCost cost = std::get<0>(Command<CMD_REFIT_VEHICLE>::Do(DoCommandFlag::Execute, v_start->index, new_cargo_type, 0xFF, true, false, 1)); // Auto-refit and only this vehicle including artic parts.
    if (cost.Succeeded()) v->First()->profit_this_year -= cost.GetCost() << 8;
  }
 
  /* Add new capacity to consist capacity and reserve cargo */
  IterateVehicleParts(v_start, FinalizeRefitAction(consist_capleft, st, next_station,
      is_auto_refit || (v->First()->current_order.GetLoadType() & OLFB_FULL_LOAD) != 0));
 
  cur_company.Restore();
}
static void HandleStationRefit(Vehicle *v, CargoArray &consist_capleft, Station *st, StationIDStack next_station, CargoType new_cargo_type) {…}
 
static bool MayLoadUnderExclusiveRights(const Station *st, const Vehicle *v)
{
  return st->owner != OWNER_NONE || st->town->exclusive_counter == 0 || st->town->exclusivity == v->owner;
}
static bool MayLoadUnderExclusiveRights(const Station *st, const Vehicle *v) {…}
 
struct ReserveCargoAction {
  Station *st;
  StationIDStack *next_station;
 
  ReserveCargoAction(Station *st, StationIDStack *next_station) :
    st(st), next_station(next_station) {}
 
  bool operator()(Vehicle *v)
  {
    if (v->cargo_cap > v->cargo.RemainingCount() && MayLoadUnderExclusiveRights(st, v)) {
      st->goods[v->cargo_type].GetOrCreateData().cargo.Reserve(v->cargo_cap - v->cargo.RemainingCount(),
          &v->cargo, *next_station, v->GetCargoTile());
    }
 
    return true;
  }
 
};
struct ReserveCargoAction {…};
 
static void ReserveConsist(Station *st, Vehicle *u, CargoArray *consist_capleft, StationIDStack *next_station)
{
  /* If there is a cargo payment not all vehicles of the consist have tried to do the refit.
   * In that case, only reserve if it's a fixed refit and the equivalent of "articulated chain"
   * a vehicle belongs to already has the right cargo. */
  bool must_reserve = !u->current_order.IsRefit() || u->cargo_payment == nullptr;
  for (Vehicle *v = u; v != nullptr; v = v->Next()) {
    assert(v->cargo_cap >= v->cargo.RemainingCount());
 
    /* Exclude various ways in which the vehicle might not be the head of an equivalent of
     * "articulated chain". Also don't do the reservation if the vehicle is going to refit
     * to a different cargo and hasn't tried to do so, yet. */
    if (!v->IsArticulatedPart() &&
        (v->type != VEH_TRAIN || !Train::From(v)->IsRearDualheaded()) &&
        (v->type != VEH_AIRCRAFT || Aircraft::From(v)->IsNormalAircraft()) &&
        (must_reserve || u->current_order.GetRefitCargo() == v->cargo_type)) {
      IterateVehicleParts(v, ReserveCargoAction(st, next_station));
    }
    if (consist_capleft == nullptr || v->cargo_cap == 0) continue;
    (*consist_capleft)[v->cargo_type] += v->cargo_cap - v->cargo.RemainingCount();
  }
}
static void ReserveConsist(Station *st, Vehicle *u, CargoArray *consist_capleft, StationIDStack *next_station) {…}
 
static void UpdateLoadUnloadTicks(Vehicle *front, const Station *st, int ticks)
{
  if (front->type == VEH_TRAIN && _settings_game.order.station_length_loading_penalty) {
    /* Each platform tile is worth 2 rail vehicles. */
    int overhang = front->GetGroundVehicleCache()->cached_total_length - st->GetPlatformLength(front->tile) * TILE_SIZE;
    if (overhang > 0) {
      ticks <<= 1;
      ticks += (overhang * ticks) / 8;
    }
  }
  /* Always wait at least 1, otherwise we'll wait 'infinitively' long. */
  front->load_unload_ticks = std::max(1, ticks);
}
static void UpdateLoadUnloadTicks(Vehicle *front, const Station *st, int ticks) {…}
 
static void LoadUnloadVehicle(Vehicle *front)
{
  assert(front->current_order.IsType(OT_LOADING));
 
  StationID last_visited = front->last_station_visited;
  Station *st = Station::Get(last_visited);
 
  StationIDStack next_station = front->GetNextStoppingStation();
  bool use_autorefit = front->current_order.IsRefit() && front->current_order.GetRefitCargo() == CARGO_AUTO_REFIT;
  CargoArray consist_capleft{};
  if (_settings_game.order.improved_load && use_autorefit ?
      front->cargo_payment == nullptr : (front->current_order.GetLoadType() & OLFB_FULL_LOAD) != 0) {
    ReserveConsist(st, front,
        (use_autorefit && front->load_unload_ticks != 0) ? &consist_capleft : nullptr,
        &next_station);
  }
 
  /* We have not waited enough time till the next round of loading/unloading */
  if (front->load_unload_ticks != 0) return;
 
  if (front->type == VEH_TRAIN && (!IsTileType(front->tile, MP_STATION) || GetStationIndex(front->tile) != st->index)) {
    /* The train reversed in the station. Take the "easy" way
     * out and let the train just leave as it always did. */
    front->vehicle_flags.Set(VehicleFlag::LoadingFinished);
    front->load_unload_ticks = 1;
    return;
  }
 
  int new_load_unload_ticks = 0;
  bool dirty_vehicle = false;
  bool dirty_station = false;
 
  bool completely_emptied = true;
  bool anything_unloaded  = false;
  bool anything_loaded    = false;
  CargoTypes full_load_amount = 0;
  CargoTypes cargo_not_full   = 0;
  CargoTypes cargo_full       = 0;
  CargoTypes reservation_left = 0;
 
  front->cur_speed = 0;
 
  CargoPayment *payment = front->cargo_payment;
 
  uint artic_part = 0; // Articulated part we are currently trying to load. (not counting parts without capacity)
  for (Vehicle *v = front; v != nullptr; v = v->Next()) {
    if (v == front || !v->Previous()->HasArticulatedPart()) artic_part = 0;
    if (v->cargo_cap == 0) continue;
    artic_part++;
 
    GoodsEntry *ge = &st->goods[v->cargo_type];
 
    if (v->vehicle_flags.Test(VehicleFlag::CargoUnloading) && (front->current_order.GetUnloadType() & OUFB_NO_UNLOAD) == 0) {
      uint cargo_count = v->cargo.UnloadCount();
      uint amount_unloaded = _settings_game.order.gradual_loading ? std::min(cargo_count, GetLoadAmount(v)) : cargo_count;
      bool remaining = false; // Are there cargo entities in this vehicle that can still be unloaded here?
 
      if (!ge->status.Test(GoodsEntry::State::Acceptance) && v->cargo.ActionCount(VehicleCargoList::MTA_DELIVER) > 0) {
        /* The station does not accept our goods anymore. */
        if (front->current_order.GetUnloadType() & (OUFB_TRANSFER | OUFB_UNLOAD)) {
          /* Transfer instead of delivering. */
          v->cargo.Reassign<VehicleCargoList::MTA_DELIVER, VehicleCargoList::MTA_TRANSFER>(
              v->cargo.ActionCount(VehicleCargoList::MTA_DELIVER));
        } else {
          uint new_remaining = v->cargo.RemainingCount() + v->cargo.ActionCount(VehicleCargoList::MTA_DELIVER);
          if (v->cargo_cap < new_remaining) {
            /* Return some of the reserved cargo to not overload the vehicle. */
            v->cargo.Return(new_remaining - v->cargo_cap, &ge->GetOrCreateData().cargo, StationID::Invalid(), v->GetCargoTile());
          }
 
          /* Keep instead of delivering. This may lead to no cargo being unloaded, so ...*/
          v->cargo.Reassign<VehicleCargoList::MTA_DELIVER, VehicleCargoList::MTA_KEEP>(
              v->cargo.ActionCount(VehicleCargoList::MTA_DELIVER));
 
          /* ... say we unloaded something, otherwise we'll think we didn't unload
           * something and we didn't load something, so we must be finished
           * at this station. Setting the unloaded means that we will get a
           * retry for loading in the next cycle. */
          anything_unloaded = true;
        }
      }
 
      if (v->cargo.ActionCount(VehicleCargoList::MTA_TRANSFER) > 0) {
        /* Mark the station dirty if we transfer, but not if we only deliver. */
        dirty_station = true;
 
        if (!ge->HasRating()) {
          /* Upon transferring cargo, make sure the station has a rating. Fake a pickup for the
           * first unload to prevent the cargo from quickly decaying after the initial drop. */
          ge->time_since_pickup = 0;
          ge->status.Set(GoodsEntry::State::Rating);
        }
      }
 
      assert(payment != nullptr);
      amount_unloaded = v->cargo.Unload(amount_unloaded, &ge->GetOrCreateData().cargo, v->cargo_type, payment, v->GetCargoTile());
      remaining = v->cargo.UnloadCount() > 0;
      if (amount_unloaded > 0) {
        dirty_vehicle = true;
        anything_unloaded = true;
        new_load_unload_ticks += amount_unloaded;
 
        /* Deliver goods to the station */
        st->time_since_unload = 0;
      }
 
      if (_settings_game.order.gradual_loading && remaining) {
        completely_emptied = false;
      } else {
        /* We have finished unloading (cargo count == 0) */
        v->vehicle_flags.Reset(VehicleFlag::CargoUnloading);
      }
 
      continue;
    }
 
    /* Do not pick up goods when we have no-load set or loading is stopped. */
    if (front->current_order.GetLoadType() & OLFB_NO_LOAD || front->vehicle_flags.Test(VehicleFlag::StopLoading)) continue;
 
    /* This order has a refit, if this is the first vehicle part carrying cargo and the whole vehicle is empty, try refitting. */
    if (front->current_order.IsRefit() && artic_part == 1) {
      HandleStationRefit(v, consist_capleft, st, next_station, front->current_order.GetRefitCargo());
      ge = &st->goods[v->cargo_type];
    }
 
    /* As we're loading here the following link can carry the full capacity of the vehicle. */
    v->refit_cap = v->cargo_cap;
 
    /* update stats */
    int t;
    switch (front->type) {
      case VEH_TRAIN:
      case VEH_SHIP:
        t = front->vcache.cached_max_speed;
        break;
 
      case VEH_ROAD:
        t = front->vcache.cached_max_speed / 2;
        break;
 
      case VEH_AIRCRAFT:
        t = Aircraft::From(front)->GetSpeedOldUnits(); // Convert to old units.
        break;
 
      default: NOT_REACHED();
    }
 
    /* if last speed is 0, we treat that as if no vehicle has ever visited the station. */
    ge->last_speed = ClampTo<uint8_t>(t);
    ge->last_age = ClampTo<uint8_t>(TimerGameCalendar::year - front->build_year);
 
    assert(v->cargo_cap >= v->cargo.StoredCount());
    /* Capacity available for loading more cargo. */
    uint cap_left = v->cargo_cap - v->cargo.StoredCount();
 
    if (cap_left > 0) {
      /* If vehicle can load cargo, reset time_since_pickup. */
      ge->time_since_pickup = 0;
 
      /* If there's goods waiting at the station, and the vehicle
       * has capacity for it, load it on the vehicle. */
      if ((v->cargo.ActionCount(VehicleCargoList::MTA_LOAD) > 0 || (ge->HasData() && ge->GetData().cargo.AvailableCount() > 0)) && MayLoadUnderExclusiveRights(st, v)) {
        if (v->cargo.StoredCount() == 0) TriggerVehicleRandomisation(v, VehicleRandomTrigger::NewCargo);
        if (_settings_game.order.gradual_loading) cap_left = std::min(cap_left, GetLoadAmount(v));
 
        uint loaded = ge->GetOrCreateData().cargo.Load(cap_left, &v->cargo, next_station, v->GetCargoTile());
        if (v->cargo.ActionCount(VehicleCargoList::MTA_LOAD) > 0) {
          /* Remember if there are reservations left so that we don't stop
           * loading before they're loaded. */
          SetBit(reservation_left, v->cargo_type);
        }
 
        /* Store whether the maximum possible load amount was loaded or not.*/
        if (loaded == cap_left) {
          SetBit(full_load_amount, v->cargo_type);
        } else {
          ClrBit(full_load_amount, v->cargo_type);
        }
 
        /* TODO: Regarding this, when we do gradual loading, we
         * should first unload all vehicles and then start
         * loading them. Since this will cause
         * VEHICLE_TRIGGER_EMPTY to be called at the time when
         * the whole vehicle chain is really totally empty, the
         * completely_emptied assignment can then be safely
         * removed; that's how TTDPatch behaves too. --pasky */
        if (loaded > 0) {
          completely_emptied = false;
          anything_loaded = true;
 
          st->time_since_load = 0;
          st->last_vehicle_type = v->type;
 
          if (ge->GetData().cargo.TotalCount() == 0) {
            TriggerStationRandomisation(st, st->xy, StationRandomTrigger::CargoTaken, v->cargo_type);
            TriggerStationAnimation(st, st->xy, StationAnimationTrigger::CargoTaken, v->cargo_type);
            TriggerAirportAnimation(st, AirportAnimationTrigger::CargoTaken, v->cargo_type);
            TriggerRoadStopRandomisation(st, st->xy, StationRandomTrigger::CargoTaken, v->cargo_type);
            TriggerRoadStopAnimation(st, st->xy, StationAnimationTrigger::CargoTaken, v->cargo_type);
          }
 
          new_load_unload_ticks += loaded;
 
          dirty_vehicle = dirty_station = true;
        }
      }
    }
 
    if (v->cargo.StoredCount() >= v->cargo_cap) {
      SetBit(cargo_full, v->cargo_type);
    } else {
      SetBit(cargo_not_full, v->cargo_type);
    }
  }
 
  if (anything_loaded || anything_unloaded) {
    if (front->type == VEH_TRAIN) {
      TriggerStationRandomisation(st, front->tile, StationRandomTrigger::VehicleLoads);
      TriggerStationAnimation(st, front->tile, StationAnimationTrigger::VehicleLoads);
    } else if (front->type == VEH_ROAD) {
      TriggerRoadStopRandomisation(st, front->tile, StationRandomTrigger::VehicleLoads);
      TriggerRoadStopAnimation(st, front->tile, StationAnimationTrigger::VehicleLoads);
    }
  }
 
  /* Only set completely_emptied, if we just unloaded all remaining cargo */
  completely_emptied &= anything_unloaded;
 
  if (!anything_unloaded) delete payment;
 
  front->vehicle_flags.Reset(VehicleFlag::StopLoading);
  if (anything_loaded || anything_unloaded) {
    if (_settings_game.order.gradual_loading) {
      /* The time it takes to load one 'slice' of cargo or passengers depends
       * on the vehicle type - the values here are those found in TTDPatch */
      const uint gradual_loading_wait_time[] = { 40, 20, 10, 20 };
 
      new_load_unload_ticks = gradual_loading_wait_time[front->type];
    }
    /* We loaded less cargo than possible for all cargo types and it's not full
     * load and we're not supposed to wait any longer: stop loading. */
    if (!anything_unloaded && full_load_amount == 0 && reservation_left == 0 && !(front->current_order.GetLoadType() & OLFB_FULL_LOAD) &&
        front->current_order_time >= std::max(front->current_order.GetTimetabledWait() - front->lateness_counter, 0)) {
      front->vehicle_flags.Set(VehicleFlag::StopLoading);
    }
 
    UpdateLoadUnloadTicks(front, st, new_load_unload_ticks);
  } else {
    UpdateLoadUnloadTicks(front, st, 20); // We need the ticks for link refreshing.
    bool finished_loading = true;
    if (front->current_order.GetLoadType() & OLFB_FULL_LOAD) {
      if (front->current_order.GetLoadType() == OLF_FULL_LOAD_ANY) {
        /* if the aircraft carries passengers and is NOT full, then
         * continue loading, no matter how much mail is in */
        if ((front->type == VEH_AIRCRAFT && IsCargoInClass(front->cargo_type, CargoClass::Passengers) && front->cargo_cap > front->cargo.StoredCount()) ||
            (cargo_not_full != 0 && (cargo_full & ~cargo_not_full) == 0)) { // There are still non-full cargoes
          finished_loading = false;
        }
      } else if (cargo_not_full != 0) {
        finished_loading = false;
      }
 
      /* Refresh next hop stats if we're full loading to make the links
       * known to the distribution algorithm and allow cargo to be sent
       * along them. Otherwise the vehicle could wait for cargo
       * indefinitely if it hasn't visited the other links yet, or if the
       * links die while it's loading. */
      if (!finished_loading) LinkRefresher::Run(front, true, true);
    }
 
    front->vehicle_flags.Set(VehicleFlag::LoadingFinished, finished_loading);
  }
 
  /* Calculate the loading indicator fill percent and display
   * In the Game Menu do not display indicators
   * If _settings_client.gui.loading_indicators == 2, show indicators (bool can be promoted to int as 0 or 1 - results in 2 > 0,1 )
   * if _settings_client.gui.loading_indicators == 1, _local_company must be the owner or must be a spectator to show ind., so 1 > 0
   * if _settings_client.gui.loading_indicators == 0, do not display indicators ... 0 is never greater than anything
   */
  if (_game_mode != GM_MENU && (_settings_client.gui.loading_indicators > (uint)(front->owner != _local_company && _local_company != COMPANY_SPECTATOR))) {
    StringID percent_up_down = STR_NULL;
    int percent = CalcPercentVehicleFilled(front, &percent_up_down);
    if (front->fill_percent_te_id == INVALID_TE_ID) {
      front->fill_percent_te_id = ShowFillingPercent(front->x_pos, front->y_pos, front->z_pos + 20, percent, percent_up_down);
    } else {
      UpdateFillingPercent(front->fill_percent_te_id, percent, percent_up_down);
    }
  }
 
  if (completely_emptied) {
    /* Make sure the vehicle is marked dirty, since we need to update the NewGRF
     * properties such as weight, power and TE whenever the trigger runs. */
    dirty_vehicle = true;
    TriggerVehicleRandomisation(front, VehicleRandomTrigger::Empty);
  }
 
  if (dirty_vehicle) {
    SetWindowDirty(GetWindowClassForVehicleType(front->type), front->owner);
    SetWindowDirty(WC_VEHICLE_DETAILS, front->index);
    front->MarkDirty();
  }
  if (dirty_station) {
    st->MarkTilesDirty(true);
    SetWindowDirty(WC_STATION_VIEW, st->index);
    SetWindowDirty(WC_STATION_LIST, st->owner);
  }
}
static void LoadUnloadVehicle(Vehicle *front) {…}
 
void LoadUnloadStation(Station *st)
{
  /* No vehicle is here... */
  if (st->loading_vehicles.empty()) return;
 
  Vehicle *last_loading = nullptr;
 
  /* Check if anything will be loaded at all. Otherwise we don't need to reserve either. */
  for (Vehicle *v : st->loading_vehicles) {
    if (v->vehstatus.Any({VehState::Stopped, VehState::Crashed})) continue;
 
    assert(v->load_unload_ticks != 0);
    if (--v->load_unload_ticks == 0) last_loading = v;
  }
 
  /* We only need to reserve and load/unload up to the last loading vehicle.
   * Anything else will be forgotten anyway after returning from this function.
   *
   * Especially this means we do _not_ need to reserve cargo for a single
   * consist in a station which is not allowed to load yet because its
   * load_unload_ticks is still not 0.
   */
  if (last_loading == nullptr) return;
 
  for (Vehicle *v : st->loading_vehicles) {
    if (!v->vehstatus.Any({VehState::Stopped, VehState::Crashed})) LoadUnloadVehicle(v);
    if (v == last_loading) break;
  }
 
  /* Call the production machinery of industries */
  for (Industry *iid : _cargo_delivery_destinations) {
    TriggerIndustryProduction(iid);
  }
  _cargo_delivery_destinations.clear();
}
void LoadUnloadStation(Station *st) {…}
 
static const IntervalTimer<TimerGameCalendar> _calendar_inflation_monthly({TimerGameCalendar::MONTH, TimerGameCalendar::Priority::COMPANY}, [](auto)
{
  if (_settings_game.economy.inflation) {
    AddInflation();
    RecomputePrices();
  }
});
 
static const IntervalTimer<TimerGameEconomy> _economy_companies_monthly({ TimerGameEconomy::MONTH, TimerGameEconomy::Priority::COMPANY }, [](auto)
{
  CompaniesGenStatistics();
  CompaniesPayInterest();
  HandleEconomyFluctuations();
});
 
static void DoAcquireCompany(Company *c, bool hostile_takeover)
{
  CompanyID ci = c->index;
 
  auto cni = std::make_unique<CompanyNewsInformation>(STR_NEWS_COMPANY_MERGER_TITLE, c, Company::Get(_current_company));
  EncodedString headline = hostile_takeover
    ? GetEncodedString(STR_NEWS_MERGER_TAKEOVER_TITLE, cni->company_name, cni->other_company_name)
    : GetEncodedString(STR_NEWS_COMPANY_MERGER_DESCRIPTION, cni->company_name, cni->other_company_name, c->bankrupt_value);
  AddCompanyNewsItem(std::move(headline), std::move(cni));
  AI::BroadcastNewEvent(new ScriptEventCompanyMerger(ci, _current_company));
  Game::NewEvent(new ScriptEventCompanyMerger(ci, _current_company));
 
  ChangeOwnershipOfCompanyItems(ci, _current_company);
 
  if (c->is_ai) AI::Stop(c->index);
 
  CloseCompanyWindows(ci);
  InvalidateWindowClassesData(WC_TRAINS_LIST, 0);
  InvalidateWindowClassesData(WC_SHIPS_LIST, 0);
  InvalidateWindowClassesData(WC_ROADVEH_LIST, 0);
  InvalidateWindowClassesData(WC_AIRCRAFT_LIST, 0);
 
  delete c;
}
 
CommandCost CmdBuyCompany(DoCommandFlags flags, CompanyID target_company, bool hostile_takeover)
{
  Company *c = Company::GetIfValid(target_company);
  if (c == nullptr) return CMD_ERROR;
 
  /* If you do a hostile takeover but the company went bankrupt, buy it via bankruptcy rules. */
  if (hostile_takeover && c->bankrupt_asked.Test(_current_company)) hostile_takeover = false;
 
  /* Disable takeovers when not asked */
  if (!hostile_takeover && !c->bankrupt_asked.Test(_current_company)) return CMD_ERROR;
 
  /* Only allow hostile takeover of AI companies and when in single player */
  if (hostile_takeover && !c->is_ai) return CMD_ERROR;
  if (hostile_takeover && _networking) return CMD_ERROR;
 
  /* Disable taking over the local company in singleplayer mode */
  if (!_networking && _local_company == c->index) return CMD_ERROR;
 
  /* Do not allow companies to take over themselves */
  if (target_company == _current_company) return CMD_ERROR;
 
  /* Do not allow takeover if the resulting company would have too many vehicles. */
  if (!CheckTakeoverVehicleLimit(_current_company, target_company)) return CommandCost(STR_ERROR_TOO_MANY_VEHICLES_IN_GAME);
 
  /* Get the cost here as the company is deleted in DoAcquireCompany.
   * For bankruptcy this amount is calculated when the offer was made;
   * for hostile takeover you pay the current price. */
  CommandCost cost(EXPENSES_OTHER, hostile_takeover ? CalculateHostileTakeoverValue(c) : c->bankrupt_value);
 
  if (flags.Test(DoCommandFlag::Execute)) {
    DoAcquireCompany(c, hostile_takeover);
  }
  return cost;
}
CommandCost CmdBuyCompany(DoCommandFlags flags, CompanyID target_company, bool hostile_takeover) {…}