OTTD Perlin Noise Landscape Generator, aka TerraGenesis Perlin. More...

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "clear_map.h"
#include "void_map.h"
#include "genworld.h"
#include "core/random_func.hpp"
#include "landscape_type.h"
#include "safeguards.h"

Data Structures
struct	HeightMap
	Height map - allocated array of heights (Map::SizeX() + 1) * (Map::SizeY() + 1) More...

Macros
#define	F(fraction) ((Height)(fraction * mh))

Typedefs
using	Height = int16_t
	Fixed point type for heights.

using	Amplitude = int
	Fixed point array for amplitudes.

Functions
static Height	I2H (int i)
	Conversion: int to Height.

static int	H2I (Height i)
	Conversion: Height to int.

static Height	A2H (Amplitude i)
	Conversion: Amplitude to Height.

static Height	TGPGetMaxHeight ()
	Gets the maximum allowed height while generating a map based on mapsize, terraintype, and the maximum height level.

uint	GetEstimationTGPMapHeight ()
	Get an overestimation of the highest peak TGP wants to generate.

static Amplitude	GetAmplitude (int frequency)
	Get the amplitude associated with the currently selected smoothness and maximum height level.

static bool	IsValidXY (int x, int y)
	Check if a X/Y set are within the map.

static void	AllocHeightMap ()
	Allocate array of (Map::SizeX() + 1) * (Map::SizeY() + 1) heights and init the _height_map structure members.

static void	FreeHeightMap ()
	Free height map.

static Height	RandomHeight (Amplitude r_max)
	Generates new random height in given amplitude (generated numbers will range from - amplitude to + amplitude)

static void	HeightMapGenerate ()
	Base Perlin noise generator - fills height map with raw Perlin noise.

static void	HeightMapGetMinMaxAvg (Height min_ptr, Height max_ptr, Height *avg_ptr)
	Returns min, max and average height from height map.

static int *	HeightMapMakeHistogram (Height h_min, Height h_max, int *hist_buf)
	Dill histogram and return pointer to its base point - to the count of zero heights.

static void	HeightMapSineTransform (Height h_min, Height h_max)
	Applies sine wave redistribution onto height map.

static void	HeightMapCurves (uint level)
	Additional map variety is provided by applying different curve maps to different parts of the map.

static void	HeightMapAdjustWaterLevel (int64_t water_percent, Height h_max_new)
	Adjusts heights in height map to contain required amount of water tiles.

static double	perlin_coast_noise_2D (const double x, const double y, const double p, const int prime)
	This is a similar function to the main perlin noise calculation, but uses the value p passed as a parameter rather than selected from the predefined sequences.

static void	HeightMapCoastLines (BorderFlags water_borders)
	This routine sculpts in from the edge a random amount, again a Perlin sequence, to avoid the rigid flat-edge slopes that were present before.

static void	HeightMapSmoothCoastInDirection (int org_x, int org_y, int dir_x, int dir_y)
	Start at given point, move in given direction, find and Smooth coast in that direction.

static void	HeightMapSmoothCoasts (BorderFlags water_borders)
	Smooth coasts by modulating height of tiles close to map edges with cosine of distance from edge.

static void	HeightMapSmoothSlopes (Height dh_max)
	This routine provides the essential cleanup necessary before OTTD can display the terrain.

static void	HeightMapNormalize ()
	Height map terraform post processing:

static double	int_noise (const long x, const long y, const int prime)
	The Perlin Noise calculation using large primes The initial number is adjusted by two values; the generation_seed, and the passed parameter; prime.

static double	linear_interpolate (const double a, const double b, const double x)
	This routine determines the interpolated value between a and b.

static double	interpolated_noise (const double x, const double y, const int prime)
	This routine returns the smoothed interpolated noise for an x and y, using the values from the surrounding positions.

static void	TgenSetTileHeight (TileIndex tile, int height)
	A small helper function to initialize the terrain.

void	GenerateTerrainPerlin ()
	The main new land generator using Perlin noise.

Variables
static const int	HEIGHT_DECIMAL_BITS = 4

static const int	AMPLITUDE_DECIMAL_BITS = 10

static HeightMap	_height_map = { {}, 0, 0, 0 }
	Global height map instance.

static const int	MAX_TGP_FREQUENCIES = 10
	Maximum number of TGP noise frequencies.

static constexpr int	WATER_PERCENT_FACTOR = 1024

static const int64_t	_water_percent [4] = {70, 170, 270, 420}
	Desired water percentage (100% == 1024) - indexed by _settings_game.difficulty.quantity_sea_lakes.

Detailed Description

OTTD Perlin Noise Landscape Generator, aka TerraGenesis Perlin.

Definition in file tgp.cpp.

Typedef Documentation

◆ Amplitude

using Amplitude = int

Fixed point array for amplitudes.

Definition at line 157 of file tgp.cpp.

◆ Height

using Height = int16_t

Fixed point type for heights.

Definition at line 153 of file tgp.cpp.

Function Documentation

◆ A2H()

static Height A2H ( Amplitude i )

static

Conversion: Amplitude to Height.

Definition at line 198 of file tgp.cpp.

Referenced by RandomHeight().

◆ AllocHeightMap()

static void AllocHeightMap ( )

inlinestatic

Allocate array of (Map::SizeX() + 1) * (Map::SizeY() + 1) heights and init the _height_map structure members.

Definition at line 326 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map, Map::SizeX(), and Map::SizeY().

Referenced by GenerateTerrainPerlin().

◆ FreeHeightMap()

static void FreeHeightMap ( )

inlinestatic

Free height map.

Definition at line 340 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map.

Referenced by GenerateTerrainPerlin().

◆ GenerateTerrainPerlin()

void GenerateTerrainPerlin ( )

The main new land generator using Perlin noise.

Desert landscape is handled different to all others to give a desert valley between two high mountains. Clearly if a low height terrain (flat/very flat) is chosen, then the tropic areas won't be high enough, and there will be very little tropic on the map. Thus Tropic works best on Hilly or Mountainous.

Definition at line 979 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map, _settings_game, AllocHeightMap(), Clamp(), GameSettings::construction, ConstructionSettings::freeform_edges, FreeHeightMap(), GenerateWorldSetAbortCallback(), GWP_LANDSCAPE, H2I(), HeightMap::height(), HeightMapGenerate(), HeightMapNormalize(), IncreaseGeneratingWorldProgress(), MakeVoid(), Map::SizeX(), Map::SizeY(), TgenSetTileHeight(), TGPGetMaxHeight(), and TileXY().

Referenced by GenerateLandscape().

◆ GetAmplitude()

static Amplitude GetAmplitude ( int frequency )

static

Get the amplitude associated with the currently selected smoothness and maximum height level.

Parameters

frequency The frequency to get the amplitudes for

Returns: The amplitudes to apply to the map.

< Very smooth

< Smooth

< Rough

< Very rough

Definition at line 270 of file tgp.cpp.

References _settings_game, Clamp(), GameSettings::game_creation, I2H(), MAX_TGP_FREQUENCIES, GameCreationSettings::tgen_smoothness, and TGPGetMaxHeight().

Referenced by HeightMapGenerate().

◆ GetEstimationTGPMapHeight()

uint GetEstimationTGPMapHeight ( )

Get an overestimation of the highest peak TGP wants to generate.

Definition at line 259 of file tgp.cpp.

References H2I(), and TGPGetMaxHeight().

Referenced by GenerateWorld().

◆ H2I()

static int H2I ( Height i )

static

Conversion: Height to int.

Definition at line 192 of file tgp.cpp.

Referenced by GenerateTerrainPerlin(), and GetEstimationTGPMapHeight().

◆ HeightMapAdjustWaterLevel()

static void HeightMapAdjustWaterLevel	(	int64_t	water_percent,
		Height	h_max_new
	)

static

Adjusts heights in height map to contain required amount of water tiles.

Definition at line 668 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map, HeightMapGetMinMaxAvg(), HeightMapMakeHistogram(), and I2H().

Referenced by HeightMapNormalize().

◆ HeightMapCoastLines()

static void HeightMapCoastLines ( BorderFlags water_borders )

static

This routine sculpts in from the edge a random amount, again a Perlin sequence, to avoid the rigid flat-edge slopes that were present before.

The Perlin noise map doesn't know where we are going to slice across, and so we often cut straight through high terrain. The smoothing routine makes it legal, gradually increasing up from the edge to the original terrain height. By cutting parts of this away, it gives a far more irregular edge to the map-edge. Sometimes it works beautifully with the existing sea & lakes, and creates a very realistic coastline. Other times the variation is less, and the map-edge shows its cliff-like roots.

This routine may be extended to randomly sculpt the height of the terrain near the edge. This will have the coast edge at low level (1-3), rising in smoothed steps inland to about 15 tiles in. This should make it look as though the map has been built for the map size, rather than a slice through a larger map.

Please note that all the small numbers; 53, 101, 167, etc. are small primes to help give the perlin noise a bit more of a random feel.

Definition at line 727 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map, _settings_game, abs(), GameSettings::game_creation, HeightMap::height(), GameCreationSettings::map_x, GameCreationSettings::map_y, NorthEast, NorthWest, perlin_coast_noise_2D(), SouthEast, SouthWest, and BaseBitSet< Timpl, Tvalue_type, Tstorage, Tmask >::Test().

Referenced by HeightMapNormalize().

◆ HeightMapCurves()

static void HeightMapCurves ( uint level )

static

Additional map variety is provided by applying different curve maps to different parts of the map.

A randomized low resolution grid contains which curve map to use on each part of the make. This filtered non-linearly to smooth out transitions between curves, so each tile could have between 100% of one map applied or 25% of four maps.

The curve maps define different land styles, i.e. lakes, low-lands, hills and mountain ranges, although these are dependent on the landscape style chosen as well.

The level parameter dictates the resolution of the grid. A low resolution grid will result in larger continuous areas of a land style, a higher resolution grid splits the style into smaller areas.

Parameters

level Rough indication of the size of the grid sections to style. Small level means large grid sections.

Basically scale height X to height Y. Everything in between is interpolated.

< The height to scale from.

< The height to scale to.

Definition at line 550 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map, Clamp(), HasBit(), HeightMap::height(), I2H(), RandomRange(), and TGPGetMaxHeight().

Referenced by HeightMapNormalize().

◆ HeightMapGenerate()

static void HeightMapGenerate ( )

static

Base Perlin noise generator - fills height map with raw Perlin noise.

This runs several iterations with increasing precision; the last iteration looks at areas of 1 by 1 tiles, the second to last at 2 by 2 tiles and the initial 2**MAX_TGP_FREQUENCIES by 2**MAX_TGP_FREQUENCIES tiles.

Definition at line 363 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map, GetAmplitude(), HeightMap::height(), Map::LogX(), Map::LogY(), MAX_TGP_FREQUENCIES, and RandomHeight().

Referenced by GenerateTerrainPerlin().

◆ HeightMapGetMinMaxAvg()

static void HeightMapGetMinMaxAvg	(	Height *	min_ptr,
		Height *	max_ptr,
		Height *	avg_ptr
	)

static

Returns min, max and average height from height map.

Definition at line 423 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map, and HeightMap::height().

Referenced by HeightMapAdjustWaterLevel().

◆ HeightMapMakeHistogram()

static int * HeightMapMakeHistogram	(	Height	h_min,
		Height	h_max,
		int *	hist_buf
	)

static

Dill histogram and return pointer to its base point - to the count of zero heights.

Definition at line 446 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map.

Referenced by HeightMapAdjustWaterLevel().

◆ HeightMapNormalize()

static void HeightMapNormalize ( )

static

Height map terraform post processing:

water level adjusting
coast Smoothing
slope Smoothing
height histogram redistribution by sine wave transform

Definition at line 865 of file tgp.cpp.

References _settings_game, _water_percent, BORDERFLAGS_ALL, GameSettings::construction, GameCreationSettings::custom_sea_level, CUSTOM_SEA_LEVEL_NUMBER_DIFFICULTY, GameSettings::difficulty, ConstructionSettings::freeform_edges, GameSettings::game_creation, GB(), HeightMapAdjustWaterLevel(), HeightMapCoastLines(), HeightMapCurves(), HeightMapSineTransform(), HeightMapSmoothCoasts(), HeightMapSmoothSlopes(), I2H(), DifficultySettings::quantity_sea_lakes, Random, GameCreationSettings::tgen_smoothness, TGPGetMaxHeight(), GameCreationSettings::variety, and GameCreationSettings::water_borders.

Referenced by GenerateTerrainPerlin().

◆ HeightMapSineTransform()

static void HeightMapSineTransform	(	Height	h_min,
		Height	h_max
	)

static

Applies sine wave redistribution onto height map.

Definition at line 460 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map, _settings_game, GameSettings::game_creation, I2H(), and GameCreationSettings::landscape.

Referenced by HeightMapNormalize().

◆ HeightMapSmoothCoastInDirection()

static void HeightMapSmoothCoastInDirection	(	int	org_x,
		int	org_y,
		int	dir_x,
		int	dir_y
	)

static

Start at given point, move in given direction, find and Smooth coast in that direction.

Definition at line 783 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map, HeightMap::height(), I2H(), and IsValidXY().

Referenced by HeightMapSmoothCoasts().

◆ HeightMapSmoothCoasts()

static void HeightMapSmoothCoasts ( BorderFlags water_borders )

static

Smooth coasts by modulating height of tiles close to map edges with cosine of distance from edge.

Definition at line 820 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map, HeightMapSmoothCoastInDirection(), NorthEast, NorthWest, SouthEast, SouthWest, and BaseBitSet< Timpl, Tvalue_type, Tstorage, Tmask >::Test().

Referenced by HeightMapNormalize().

◆ HeightMapSmoothSlopes()

static void HeightMapSmoothSlopes ( Height dh_max )

static

This routine provides the essential cleanup necessary before OTTD can display the terrain.

When generated, the terrain heights can jump more than one level between tiles. This routine smooths out those differences so that the most it can change is one level. When OTTD can support cliffs, this routine may not be necessary.

Definition at line 842 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map, and HeightMap::height().

Referenced by HeightMapNormalize().

◆ I2H()

static Height I2H ( int i )

static

Conversion: int to Height.

Definition at line 186 of file tgp.cpp.

Referenced by GetAmplitude(), HeightMapAdjustWaterLevel(), HeightMapCurves(), HeightMapNormalize(), HeightMapSineTransform(), HeightMapSmoothCoastInDirection(), and TGPGetMaxHeight().

◆ int_noise()

static double int_noise	(	const long	x,
		const long	y,
		const int	prime
	)

static

The Perlin Noise calculation using large primes The initial number is adjusted by two values; the generation_seed, and the passed parameter; prime.

prime is used to allow the perlin noise generator to create useful random numbers from slightly different series.

Definition at line 896 of file tgp.cpp.

References _settings_game, GameSettings::game_creation, and GameCreationSettings::generation_seed.

Referenced by interpolated_noise().

◆ interpolated_noise()

static double interpolated_noise	(	const double	x,
		const double	y,
		const int	prime
	)

static

This routine returns the smoothed interpolated noise for an x and y, using the values from the surrounding positions.

Definition at line 920 of file tgp.cpp.

References int_noise(), and linear_interpolate().

Referenced by perlin_coast_noise_2D().

◆ IsValidXY()

static bool IsValidXY	(	int	x,
		int	y
	)

inlinestatic

Check if a X/Y set are within the map.

Parameters

x	coordinate x
y	coordinate y

Returns: true if within the map

Definition at line 317 of file tgp.cpp.

References _height_map.

Referenced by HeightMapSmoothCoastInDirection().

◆ linear_interpolate()

static double linear_interpolate	(	const double	a,
		const double	b,
		const double	x
	)

inlinestatic

This routine determines the interpolated value between a and b.

Definition at line 910 of file tgp.cpp.

Referenced by interpolated_noise().

◆ perlin_coast_noise_2D()

static double perlin_coast_noise_2D	(	const double	x,
		const double	y,
		const double	p,
		const int	prime
	)

static

This is a similar function to the main perlin noise calculation, but uses the value p passed as a parameter rather than selected from the predefined sequences.

as you can guess by its title, i use this to create the indented coastline, which is just another perlin sequence.

Definition at line 946 of file tgp.cpp.

References interpolated_noise().

Referenced by HeightMapCoastLines().

◆ RandomHeight()

static Height RandomHeight ( Amplitude r_max )

inlinestatic

Generates new random height in given amplitude (generated numbers will range from - amplitude to + amplitude)

Parameters

r_max Limit of result

Returns: generated height

Definition at line 350 of file tgp.cpp.

References A2H(), and RandomRange().

Referenced by HeightMapGenerate().

◆ TgenSetTileHeight()

static void TgenSetTileHeight	(	TileIndex	tile,
		int	height
	)

static

A small helper function to initialize the terrain.

Definition at line 962 of file tgp.cpp.

References CLEAR_GRASS, IsInnerTile(), MakeClear(), and SetTileHeight().

Referenced by GenerateTerrainPerlin().

◆ TGPGetMaxHeight()

static Height TGPGetMaxHeight ( )

static

Gets the maximum allowed height while generating a map based on mapsize, terraintype, and the maximum height level.

Returns: The maximum height for the map generation.

Note: Values should never be lower than 3 since the minimum snowline height is 2.

Desired maximum height - indexed by:

_settings_game.difficulty.terrain_type
min(Map::LogX(), Map::LogY()) - MIN_MAP_SIZE_BITS

It is indexed by map size as well as terrain type since the map size limits the height of a usable mountain. For example, on a 64x64 map a 24 high single peak mountain (as if you raised land 24 times in the center of the map) will leave only a ring of about 10 tiles around the mountain to build on. On a 4096x4096 map, it won't cover any major part of the map.

< Very flat

< Flat

< Hilly

< Mountainous

< Alpinist

Definition at line 217 of file tgp.cpp.

References _settings_game, GameSettings::construction, GameCreationSettings::custom_terrain_type, CUSTOM_TERRAIN_TYPE_NUMBER_DIFFICULTY, GameSettings::difficulty, GameSettings::game_creation, I2H(), Map::LogX(), Map::LogY(), ConstructionSettings::map_height_limit, MAX_MAP_SIZE_BITS, MIN_MAP_SIZE_BITS, and DifficultySettings::terrain_type.

Referenced by GenerateTerrainPerlin(), GetAmplitude(), GetEstimationTGPMapHeight(), HeightMapCurves(), and HeightMapNormalize().

Variable Documentation

◆ _height_map

HeightMap _height_map = { {}, 0, 0, 0 }

static

Global height map instance.

Definition at line 183 of file tgp.cpp.

Referenced by AllocHeightMap(), FreeHeightMap(), GenerateTerrainPerlin(), HeightMapAdjustWaterLevel(), HeightMapCoastLines(), HeightMapCurves(), HeightMapGenerate(), HeightMapGetMinMaxAvg(), HeightMapMakeHistogram(), HeightMapSineTransform(), HeightMapSmoothCoastInDirection(), HeightMapSmoothCoasts(), HeightMapSmoothSlopes(), and IsValidXY().

◆ _water_percent

const int64_t _water_percent[4] = {70, 170, 270, 420}

static

Desired water percentage (100% == 1024) - indexed by _settings_game.difficulty.quantity_sea_lakes.

Definition at line 209 of file tgp.cpp.

Referenced by HeightMapNormalize().

◆ AMPLITUDE_DECIMAL_BITS

const int AMPLITUDE_DECIMAL_BITS = 10

static

Definition at line 158 of file tgp.cpp.

◆ HEIGHT_DECIMAL_BITS

const int HEIGHT_DECIMAL_BITS = 4

static

Definition at line 154 of file tgp.cpp.

◆ MAX_TGP_FREQUENCIES

const int MAX_TGP_FREQUENCIES = 10

static

Maximum number of TGP noise frequencies.

Definition at line 204 of file tgp.cpp.

Referenced by GetAmplitude(), and HeightMapGenerate().

◆ WATER_PERCENT_FACTOR

constexpr int WATER_PERCENT_FACTOR = 1024

staticconstexpr

Definition at line 206 of file tgp.cpp.

Data Structures

Macros

Typedefs

Functions

Variables

Detailed Description

Typedef Documentation

◆ Amplitude

◆ Height

Function Documentation

◆ A2H()

◆ AllocHeightMap()

◆ FreeHeightMap()

◆ GenerateTerrainPerlin()

◆ GetAmplitude()

◆ GetEstimationTGPMapHeight()

◆ H2I()

◆ HeightMapAdjustWaterLevel()

◆ HeightMapCoastLines()

◆ HeightMapCurves()

◆ HeightMapGenerate()

◆ HeightMapGetMinMaxAvg()

◆ HeightMapMakeHistogram()

◆ HeightMapNormalize()

◆ HeightMapSineTransform()

◆ HeightMapSmoothCoastInDirection()

◆ HeightMapSmoothCoasts()

◆ HeightMapSmoothSlopes()

◆ I2H()

◆ int_noise()

◆ interpolated_noise()

◆ IsValidXY()

◆ linear_interpolate()

◆ perlin_coast_noise_2D()

◆ RandomHeight()

◆ TgenSetTileHeight()

◆ TGPGetMaxHeight()

Variable Documentation

◆ _height_map

◆ _water_percent

◆ AMPLITUDE_DECIMAL_BITS

◆ HEIGHT_DECIMAL_BITS

◆ MAX_TGP_FREQUENCIES

◆ WATER_PERCENT_FACTOR