townname.cpp

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/*
 * This file is part of OpenTTD.
 * OpenTTD is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
 * OpenTTD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with OpenTTD. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "string_func.h"
#include "townname_type.h"
#include "town.h"
#include "strings_func.h"
#include "core/random_func.hpp"
#include "genworld.h"
#include "gfx_layout.h"
#include "strings_internal.h"
 
#include "table/townname.h"
 
#include "safeguards.h"
 
 
TownNameParams::TownNameParams(const Town *t) :
    grfid(t->townnamegrfid), // by default, use supplied data
    type(t->townnametype)
{
  if (t->townnamegrfid != 0 && GetGRFTownName(t->townnamegrfid) == nullptr) {
    /* Fallback to english original */
    this->grfid = 0;
    this->type = SPECSTR_TOWNNAME_ENGLISH;
    return;
  }
}
 
 
static void GetTownName(StringBuilder &builder, const TownNameParams *par, uint32_t townnameparts)
{
  if (par->grfid == 0) {
    auto tmp_params = MakeParameters(townnameparts);
    GetStringWithArgs(builder, par->type, tmp_params);
    return;
  }
 
  GRFTownNameGenerate(builder, par->grfid, par->type, townnameparts);
}
 
std::string GetTownName(const TownNameParams *par, uint32_t townnameparts)
{
  std::string result;
  StringBuilder builder(result);
  GetTownName(builder, par, townnameparts);
  return result;
}
 
void GetTownName(StringBuilder &builder, const Town *t)
{
  TownNameParams par(t);
  GetTownName(builder, &par, t->townnameparts);
}
 
std::string GetTownName(const Town *t)
{
  TownNameParams par(t);
  return GetTownName(&par, t->townnameparts);
}
 
 
bool VerifyTownName(uint32_t r, const TownNameParams *par, TownNames *town_names)
{
  std::string name = GetTownName(par, r);
 
  /* Check size and width */
  if (Utf8StringLength(name) >= MAX_LENGTH_TOWN_NAME_CHARS) return false;
 
  if (town_names != nullptr) {
    if (town_names->find(name) != town_names->end()) return false;
    town_names->insert(name);
  } else {
    for (const Town *t : Town::Iterate()) {
      /* We can't just compare the numbers since
       * several numbers may map to a single name. */
      if (t->name.empty()) {
        if (name == GetTownName(t)) return false;
      } else {
        if (name == t->name) return false;
      }
    }
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
 
bool GenerateTownName(Randomizer &randomizer, uint32_t *townnameparts, TownNames *town_names)
{
  TownNameParams par(_settings_game.game_creation.town_name);
 
  /* This function is called very often without entering the gameloop
   * in between. So reset layout cache to prevent it from growing too big. */
  Layouter::ReduceLineCache();
 
  /* Do not set i too low, since when we run out of names, we loop
   * for #tries only one time anyway - then we stop generating more
   * towns. Do not set it too high either, since looping through all
   * the other towns may take considerable amount of time (10000 is
   * too much). */
  for (int i = 1000; i != 0; i--) {
    uint32_t r = randomizer.Next();
    if (!VerifyTownName(r, &par, town_names)) continue;
 
    *townnameparts = r;
    return true;
  }
 
  return false;
}
 
 
 
static inline uint32_t SeedChance(uint8_t shift_by, size_t max, uint32_t seed)
{
  return (GB(seed, shift_by, 16) * ClampTo<uint16_t>(max)) >> 16;
}
 
 
static inline uint32_t SeedModChance(uint8_t shift_by, size_t max, uint32_t seed)
{
  /* This actually gives *MUCH* more even distribution of the values
   * than SeedChance(), which is absolutely horrible in that. If
   * you do not believe me, try with i.e. the Czech town names,
   * compare the words (nicely visible on prefixes) generated by
   * SeedChance() and SeedModChance(). Do not get discouraged by the
   * never-use-modulo myths, which hold true only for the linear
   * congruential generators (and Random() isn't such a generator).
   * --pasky
   * TODO: Perhaps we should use it for all the name generators? --pasky */
  return (seed >> shift_by) % max;
}
 
 
static inline int32_t SeedChanceBias(uint8_t shift_by, size_t max, uint32_t seed, int bias)
{
  return SeedChance(shift_by, max + bias, seed) - bias;
}
 
 
static void ReplaceWords(const char *org, const char *rep, StringBuilder &builder, size_t start)
{
  assert(strlen(org) == 4 && strlen(rep) == 4 && builder.CurrentIndex() - start >= 4);
  if (strncmp(&builder[start], org, 4) == 0) memcpy(&builder[start], rep, 4); // Safe as the string in buf is always more than 4 characters long.
}
 
 
static void ReplaceEnglishWords(StringBuilder &builder, size_t start, bool original)
{
  ReplaceWords("Cunt", "East", builder, start);
  ReplaceWords("Slag", "Pits", builder, start);
  ReplaceWords("Slut", "Edin", builder, start);
  if (!original) ReplaceWords("Fart", "Boot", builder, start); // never happens with 'English (Original)'
  ReplaceWords("Drar", "Quar", builder, start);
  ReplaceWords("Dreh", "Bash", builder, start);
  ReplaceWords("Frar", "Shor", builder, start);
  ReplaceWords("Grar", "Aber", builder, start);
  ReplaceWords("Brar", "Over", builder, start);
  ReplaceWords("Wrar", original ? "Inve" : "Stan", builder, start);
}
 
static void MakeEnglishOriginalTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  size_t start = builder.CurrentIndex();
 
  /* optional first segment */
  int i = SeedChanceBias(0, std::size(_name_original_english_1), seed, 50);
  if (i >= 0) builder += _name_original_english_1[i];
 
  /* mandatory middle segments */
  builder += _name_original_english_2[SeedChance(4,  std::size(_name_original_english_2), seed)];
  builder += _name_original_english_3[SeedChance(7,  std::size(_name_original_english_3), seed)];
  builder += _name_original_english_4[SeedChance(10, std::size(_name_original_english_4), seed)];
  builder += _name_original_english_5[SeedChance(13, std::size(_name_original_english_5), seed)];
 
  /* optional last segment */
  i = SeedChanceBias(15, std::size(_name_original_english_6), seed, 60);
  if (i >= 0) builder += _name_original_english_6[i];
 
  /* Ce, Ci => Ke, Ki */
  if (builder[start] == 'C' && (builder[start + 1] == 'e' || builder[start + 1] == 'i')) {
    builder[start] = 'K';
  }
 
  assert(builder.CurrentIndex() - start >= 4);
  ReplaceEnglishWords(builder, start, true);
}
 
 
static void MakeEnglishAdditionalTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  size_t start = builder.CurrentIndex();
 
  /* optional first segment */
  int i = SeedChanceBias(0, std::size(_name_additional_english_prefix), seed, 50);
  if (i >= 0) builder += _name_additional_english_prefix[i];
 
  if (SeedChance(3, 20, seed) >= 14) {
    builder += _name_additional_english_1a[SeedChance(6, std::size(_name_additional_english_1a), seed)];
  } else {
    builder += _name_additional_english_1b1[SeedChance(6, std::size(_name_additional_english_1b1), seed)];
    builder += _name_additional_english_1b2[SeedChance(9, std::size(_name_additional_english_1b2), seed)];
    if (SeedChance(11, 20, seed) >= 4) {
      builder += _name_additional_english_1b3a[SeedChance(12, std::size(_name_additional_english_1b3a), seed)];
    } else {
      builder += _name_additional_english_1b3b[SeedChance(12, std::size(_name_additional_english_1b3b), seed)];
    }
  }
 
  builder += _name_additional_english_2[SeedChance(14, std::size(_name_additional_english_2), seed)];
 
  /* optional last segment */
  i = SeedChanceBias(15, std::size(_name_additional_english_3), seed, 60);
  if (i >= 0) builder += _name_additional_english_3[i];
 
  assert(builder.CurrentIndex() - start >= 4);
  ReplaceEnglishWords(builder, start, false);
}
 
 
static void MakeAustrianTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  /* Bad, Maria, Gross, ... */
  int i = SeedChanceBias(0, std::size(_name_austrian_a1), seed, 15);
  if (i >= 0) builder += _name_austrian_a1[i];
 
  int j = 0;
 
  i = SeedChance(4, 6, seed);
  if (i >= 4) {
    /* Kaisers-kirchen */
    builder += _name_austrian_a2[SeedChance( 7, std::size(_name_austrian_a2), seed)];
    builder += _name_austrian_a3[SeedChance(13, std::size(_name_austrian_a3), seed)];
  } else if (i >= 2) {
    /* St. Johann */
    builder += _name_austrian_a5[SeedChance( 7, std::size(_name_austrian_a5), seed)];
    builder += _name_austrian_a6[SeedChance( 9, std::size(_name_austrian_a6), seed)];
    j = 1; // More likely to have a " an der " or " am "
  } else {
    /* Zell */
    builder += _name_austrian_a4[SeedChance( 7, std::size(_name_austrian_a4), seed)];
  }
 
  i = SeedChance(1, 6, seed);
  if (i >= 4 - j) {
    /* an der Donau (rivers) */
    builder += _name_austrian_f1[SeedChance(4, std::size(_name_austrian_f1), seed)];
    builder += _name_austrian_f2[SeedChance(5, std::size(_name_austrian_f2), seed)];
  } else if (i >= 2 - j) {
    /* am Dachstein (mountains) */
    builder += _name_austrian_b1[SeedChance(4, std::size(_name_austrian_b1), seed)];
    builder += _name_austrian_b2[SeedChance(5, std::size(_name_austrian_b2), seed)];
  }
}
 
 
static void MakeGermanTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  uint seed_derivative = SeedChance(7, 28, seed);
 
  /* optional prefix */
  if (seed_derivative == 12 || seed_derivative == 19) {
    uint i = SeedChance(2, std::size(_name_german_pre), seed);
    builder += _name_german_pre[i];
  }
 
  /* mandatory middle segments including option of hardcoded name */
  uint i = SeedChance(3, std::size(_name_german_real) + std::size(_name_german_1), seed);
  if (i < std::size(_name_german_real)) {
    builder += _name_german_real[i];
  } else {
    builder += _name_german_1[i - std::size(_name_german_real)];
 
    i = SeedChance(5, std::size(_name_german_2), seed);
    builder += _name_german_2[i];
  }
 
  /* optional suffix */
  if (seed_derivative == 24) {
    i = SeedChance(9, std::size(_name_german_4_an_der) + std::size(_name_german_4_am), seed);
    if (i < std::size(_name_german_4_an_der)) {
      builder += _name_german_3_an_der[0];
      builder += _name_german_4_an_der[i];
    } else {
      builder += _name_german_3_am[0];
      builder += _name_german_4_am[i - std::size(_name_german_4_an_der)];
    }
  }
}
 
 
static void MakeSpanishTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  builder += _name_spanish_real[SeedChance(0, std::size(_name_spanish_real), seed)];
}
 
 
static void MakeFrenchTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  builder += _name_french_real[SeedChance(0, std::size(_name_french_real), seed)];
}
 
 
static void MakeSillyTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  builder += _name_silly_1[SeedChance( 0, std::size(_name_silly_1), seed)];
  builder += _name_silly_2[SeedChance(16, std::size(_name_silly_2), seed)];
}
 
 
static void MakeSwedishTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  /* optional first segment */
  int i = SeedChanceBias(0, std::size(_name_swedish_1), seed, 50);
  if (i >= 0) builder += _name_swedish_1[i];
 
  /* mandatory middle segments including option of hardcoded name */
  if (SeedChance(4, 5, seed) >= 3) {
    builder += _name_swedish_2[SeedChance( 7, std::size(_name_swedish_2), seed)];
  } else {
    builder += _name_swedish_2a[SeedChance( 7, std::size(_name_swedish_2a), seed)];
    builder += _name_swedish_2b[SeedChance(10, std::size(_name_swedish_2b), seed)];
    builder += _name_swedish_2c[SeedChance(13, std::size(_name_swedish_2c), seed)];
  }
 
  builder += _name_swedish_3[SeedChance(16, std::size(_name_swedish_3), seed)];
}
 
 
static void MakeDutchTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  /* optional first segment */
  int i = SeedChanceBias(0, std::size(_name_dutch_1), seed, 50);
  if (i >= 0) builder += _name_dutch_1[i];
 
  /* mandatory middle segments including option of hardcoded name */
  if (SeedChance(6, 9, seed) > 4) {
    builder += _name_dutch_2[SeedChance( 9, std::size(_name_dutch_2), seed)];
  } else {
    builder += _name_dutch_3[SeedChance( 9, std::size(_name_dutch_3), seed)];
    builder += _name_dutch_4[SeedChance(12, std::size(_name_dutch_4), seed)];
  }
 
  builder += _name_dutch_5[SeedChance(15, std::size(_name_dutch_5), seed)];
}
 
 
static void MakeFinnishTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  size_t start = builder.CurrentIndex();
 
  /* Select randomly if town name should consists of one or two parts. */
  if (SeedChance(0, 15, seed) >= 10) {
    builder += _name_finnish_real[SeedChance(2, std::size(_name_finnish_real), seed)];
    return;
  }
 
  if (SeedChance(0, 15, seed) >= 5) {
    /* A two-part name by combining one of _name_finnish_1 + "la"/"lä"
     * The reason for not having the contents of _name_finnish_{1,2} in the same table is
     * that the ones in _name_finnish_2 are not good for this purpose. */
    uint sel = SeedChance( 0, std::size(_name_finnish_1), seed);
    builder += _name_finnish_1[sel];
    size_t last = builder.CurrentIndex() - 1;
    if (builder[last] == 'i') builder[last] = 'e';
 
    std::string_view view(&builder[start], builder.CurrentIndex() - start);
    if (view.find_first_of("aouAOU") != std::string_view::npos) {
      builder += "la";
    } else {
      builder += "l\u00e4";
    }
    return;
  }
 
  /* A two-part name by combining one of _name_finnish_{1,2} + _name_finnish_3.
   * Why aren't _name_finnish_{1,2} just one table? See above. */
  uint sel = SeedChance(2, std::size(_name_finnish_1) + std::size(_name_finnish_2), seed);
  if (sel >= std::size(_name_finnish_1)) {
    builder += _name_finnish_2[sel - std::size(_name_finnish_1)];
  } else {
    builder += _name_finnish_1[sel];
  }
 
  builder += _name_finnish_3[SeedChance(10, std::size(_name_finnish_3), seed)];
}
 
 
static void MakePolishTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  /* optional first segment */
  uint i = SeedChance(0,
      std::size(_name_polish_2_o) + std::size(_name_polish_2_m) +
      std::size(_name_polish_2_f) + std::size(_name_polish_2_n),
      seed);
  uint j = SeedChance(2, 20, seed);
 
 
  if (i < std::size(_name_polish_2_o)) {
    builder += _name_polish_2_o[SeedChance(3, std::size(_name_polish_2_o), seed)];
    return;
  }
 
  if (i < std::size(_name_polish_2_m) + std::size(_name_polish_2_o)) {
    if (j < 4) {
      builder += _name_polish_1_m[SeedChance(5, std::size(_name_polish_1_m), seed)];
    }
 
    builder += _name_polish_2_m[SeedChance(7, std::size(_name_polish_2_m), seed)];
 
    if (j >= 4 && j < 16) {
      builder += _name_polish_3_m[SeedChance(10, std::size(_name_polish_3_m), seed)];
    }
 
    return;
  }
 
  if (i < std::size(_name_polish_2_f) + std::size(_name_polish_2_m) + std::size(_name_polish_2_o)) {
    if (j < 4) {
      builder += _name_polish_1_f[SeedChance(5, std::size(_name_polish_1_f), seed)];
    }
 
    builder += _name_polish_2_f[SeedChance(7, std::size(_name_polish_2_f), seed)];
 
    if (j >= 4 && j < 16) {
      builder += _name_polish_3_f[SeedChance(10, std::size(_name_polish_3_f), seed)];
    }
 
    return;
  }
 
  if (j < 4) {
    builder += _name_polish_1_n[SeedChance(5, std::size(_name_polish_1_n), seed)];
  }
 
  builder += _name_polish_2_n[SeedChance(7, std::size(_name_polish_2_n), seed)];
 
  if (j >= 4 && j < 16) {
    builder += _name_polish_3_n[SeedChance(10, std::size(_name_polish_3_n), seed)];
  }
 
  return;
}
 
 
static void MakeCzechTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  /* 1:3 chance to use a real name. */
  if (SeedModChance(0, 4, seed) == 0) {
    builder += _name_czech_real[SeedModChance(4, std::size(_name_czech_real), seed)];
    return;
  }
 
  /* Probability of prefixes/suffixes
   * 0..11 prefix, 12..13 prefix+suffix, 14..17 suffix, 18..31 nothing */
  int prob_tails = SeedModChance(2, 32, seed);
  bool do_prefix = prob_tails < 12;
  bool do_suffix = prob_tails > 11 && prob_tails < 17;
  bool dynamic_subst;
 
  /* IDs of the respective parts */
  int prefix = 0, ending = 0, suffix = 0;
  size_t postfix = 0;
  size_t stem;
 
  /* The select criteria. */
  CzechGender gender;
  CzechChoose choose;
  CzechAllow allow;
 
  if (do_prefix) prefix = SeedModChance(5, std::size(_name_czech_adj) * 12, seed) / 12;
  if (do_suffix) suffix = SeedModChance(7, std::size(_name_czech_suffix), seed);
  /* 3:1 chance 3:1 to use dynamic substantive */
  stem = SeedModChance(9,
      std::size(_name_czech_subst_full) + 3 * std::size(_name_czech_subst_stem),
      seed);
  if (stem < std::size(_name_czech_subst_full)) {
    /* That was easy! */
    dynamic_subst = false;
    gender = _name_czech_subst_full[stem].gender;
    choose = _name_czech_subst_full[stem].choose;
    allow = _name_czech_subst_full[stem].allow;
  } else {
    uint map[std::size(_name_czech_subst_ending)];
    int ending_start = -1, ending_stop = -1;
 
    /* Load the substantive */
    dynamic_subst = true;
    stem -= std::size(_name_czech_subst_full);
    stem %= std::size(_name_czech_subst_stem);
    gender = _name_czech_subst_stem[stem].gender;
    choose = _name_czech_subst_stem[stem].choose;
    allow = _name_czech_subst_stem[stem].allow;
 
    /* Load the postfix (1:1 chance that a postfix will be inserted) */
    postfix = SeedModChance(14, std::size(_name_czech_subst_postfix) * 2, seed);
 
    if (choose & CZC_POSTFIX) {
      /* Always get a real postfix. */
      postfix %= std::size(_name_czech_subst_postfix);
    }
    if (choose & CZC_NOPOSTFIX) {
      /* Always drop a postfix. */
      postfix += std::size(_name_czech_subst_postfix);
    }
    if (postfix < std::size(_name_czech_subst_postfix)) {
      choose |= CZC_POSTFIX;
    } else {
      choose |= CZC_NOPOSTFIX;
    }
 
    /* Localize the array segment containing a good gender */
    for (ending = 0; ending < (int)std::size(_name_czech_subst_ending); ending++) {
      const CzechNameSubst *e = &_name_czech_subst_ending[ending];
 
      if (gender == CZG_FREE ||
          (gender == CZG_NFREE && e->gender != CZG_SNEUT && e->gender != CZG_PNEUT) ||
           gender == e->gender) {
        if (ending_start < 0) {
          ending_start = ending;
        }
      } else if (ending_start >= 0) {
        ending_stop = ending - 1;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (ending_stop < 0) {
      /* Whoa. All the endings matched. */
      ending_stop = ending - 1;
    }
 
    /* Make a sequential map of the items with good mask */
    size_t i = 0;
    for (ending = ending_start; ending <= ending_stop; ending++) {
      const CzechNameSubst *e = &_name_czech_subst_ending[ending];
 
      if ((e->choose & choose) == choose && (e->allow & allow) != 0) {
        map[i++] = ending;
      }
    }
    assert(i > 0);
 
    /* Load the ending */
    ending = map[SeedModChance(16, (int)i, seed)];
    /* Override possible CZG_*FREE; this must be a real gender,
     * otherwise we get overflow when modifying the adjectivum. */
    gender = _name_czech_subst_ending[ending].gender;
    assert(gender != CZG_FREE && gender != CZG_NFREE);
  }
 
  if (do_prefix && (_name_czech_adj[prefix].choose & choose) != choose) {
    /* Throw away non-matching prefix. */
    do_prefix = false;
  }
 
  /* Now finally construct the name */
  if (do_prefix) {
    CzechPattern pattern = _name_czech_adj[prefix].pattern;
 
    builder += _name_czech_adj[prefix].name;
 
    size_t endpos = builder.CurrentIndex() - 1;
    /* Find the first character in a UTF-8 sequence */
    while (GB(builder[endpos], 6, 2) == 2) endpos--;
    builder.RemoveElementsFromBack(builder.CurrentIndex() - endpos);
 
    if (gender == CZG_SMASC && pattern == CZP_PRIVL) {
      /* -ovX -> -uv */
      builder[endpos - 2] = 'u';
    } else {
      builder += _name_czech_patmod[gender][pattern];
    }
 
    builder += ' ';
  }
 
  if (dynamic_subst) {
    builder += _name_czech_subst_stem[stem].name;
    if (postfix < std::size(_name_czech_subst_postfix)) {
      const char *poststr = _name_czech_subst_postfix[postfix];
      const char *endstr = _name_czech_subst_ending[ending].name;
 
      size_t postlen = strlen(poststr);
      size_t endlen = strlen(endstr);
      assert(postlen > 0 && endlen > 0);
 
      /* Kill the "avava" and "Jananna"-like cases */
      if (postlen < 2 || postlen > endlen ||
          ((poststr[1] != 'v' || poststr[1] != endstr[1]) &&
          poststr[2] != endstr[1])) {
        builder += poststr;
 
        /* k-i -> c-i, h-i -> z-i */
        if (endstr[0] == 'i') {
          size_t last = builder.CurrentIndex() - 1;
          switch (builder[last]) {
            case 'k': builder[last] = 'c'; break;
            case 'h': builder[last] = 'z'; break;
            default: break;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    builder += _name_czech_subst_ending[ending].name;
  } else {
    builder += _name_czech_subst_full[stem].name;
  }
 
  if (do_suffix) {
    builder += " ";
    builder += _name_czech_suffix[suffix];
  }
}
 
 
static void MakeRomanianTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  builder += _name_romanian_real[SeedChance(0, std::size(_name_romanian_real), seed)];
}
 
 
static void MakeSlovakTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  builder += _name_slovak_real[SeedChance(0, std::size(_name_slovak_real), seed)];
}
 
 
static void MakeNorwegianTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  /* Use first 4 bit from seed to decide whether or not this town should
   * have a real name 3/16 chance.  Bit 0-3 */
  if (SeedChance(0, 15, seed) < 3) {
    /* Use 7bit for the realname table index.  Bit 4-10 */
    builder += _name_norwegian_real[SeedChance(4, std::size(_name_norwegian_real), seed)];
    return;
  }
 
  /* Use 7bit for the first fake part.  Bit 4-10 */
  builder += _name_norwegian_1[SeedChance(4, std::size(_name_norwegian_1), seed)];
  /* Use 7bit for the last fake part.  Bit 11-17 */
  builder += _name_norwegian_2[SeedChance(11, std::size(_name_norwegian_2), seed)];
}
 
 
static void MakeHungarianTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  if (SeedChance(12, 15, seed) < 3) {
    builder += _name_hungarian_real[SeedChance(0, std::size(_name_hungarian_real), seed)];
    return;
  }
 
  /* optional first segment */
  uint i = SeedChance(3, std::size(_name_hungarian_1) * 3, seed);
  if (i < std::size(_name_hungarian_1)) builder += _name_hungarian_1[i];
 
  /* mandatory middle segments */
  builder += _name_hungarian_2[SeedChance(3, std::size(_name_hungarian_2), seed)];
  builder += _name_hungarian_3[SeedChance(6, std::size(_name_hungarian_3), seed)];
 
  /* optional last segment */
  i = SeedChance(10, std::size(_name_hungarian_4) * 3, seed);
  if (i < std::size(_name_hungarian_4)) {
    builder += _name_hungarian_4[i];
  }
}
 
 
static void MakeSwissTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  builder += _name_swiss_real[SeedChance(0, std::size(_name_swiss_real), seed)];
}
 
 
static void MakeDanishTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  /* optional first segment */
  int i = SeedChanceBias(0, std::size(_name_danish_1), seed, 50);
  if (i >= 0) builder += _name_danish_1[i];
 
  /* middle segments removed as this algorithm seems to create much more realistic names */
  builder += _name_danish_2[SeedChance( 7, std::size(_name_danish_2), seed)];
  builder += _name_danish_3[SeedChance(16, std::size(_name_danish_3), seed)];
}
 
 
static void MakeTurkishTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  uint i = SeedModChance(0, 5, seed);
 
  switch (i) {
    case 0:
      builder += _name_turkish_prefix[SeedModChance( 2, std::size(_name_turkish_prefix), seed)];
 
      /* middle segment */
      builder += _name_turkish_middle[SeedModChance( 4, std::size(_name_turkish_middle), seed)];
 
      /* optional suffix */
      if (SeedModChance(0, 7, seed) == 0) {
        builder += _name_turkish_suffix[SeedModChance( 10, std::size(_name_turkish_suffix), seed)];
      }
      break;
 
    case 1: case 2:
      builder += _name_turkish_prefix[SeedModChance( 2, std::size(_name_turkish_prefix), seed)];
      builder += _name_turkish_suffix[SeedModChance( 4, std::size(_name_turkish_suffix), seed)];
      break;
 
    default:
      builder += _name_turkish_real[SeedModChance( 4, std::size(_name_turkish_real), seed)];
      break;
  }
}
 
 
static void MakeItalianTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  if (SeedModChance(0, 6, seed) == 0) { // real city names
    builder += _name_italian_real[SeedModChance(4, std::size(_name_italian_real), seed)];
    return;
  }
 
  static const char * const mascul_femin_italian[] = {
    "o",
    "a",
  };
 
  if (SeedModChance(0, 8, seed) == 0) { // prefix
    builder += _name_italian_pref[SeedModChance(11, std::size(_name_italian_pref), seed)];
  }
 
  uint i = SeedChance(0, 2, seed);
  if (i == 0) { // masculine form
    builder += _name_italian_1m[SeedModChance(4, std::size(_name_italian_1m), seed)];
  } else { // feminine form
    builder += _name_italian_1f[SeedModChance(4, std::size(_name_italian_1f), seed)];
  }
 
  if (SeedModChance(3, 3, seed) == 0) {
    builder += _name_italian_2[SeedModChance(11, std::size(_name_italian_2), seed)];
    builder += mascul_femin_italian[i];
  } else {
    builder += _name_italian_2i[SeedModChance(16, std::size(_name_italian_2i), seed)];
  }
 
  if (SeedModChance(15, 4, seed) == 0) {
    if (SeedModChance(5, 2, seed) == 0) { // generic suffix
      builder += _name_italian_3[SeedModChance(4, std::size(_name_italian_3), seed)];
    } else { // river name suffix
      builder += _name_italian_river1[SeedModChance(4, std::size(_name_italian_river1), seed)];
      builder += _name_italian_river2[SeedModChance(16, std::size(_name_italian_river2), seed)];
    }
  }
}
 
 
static void MakeCatalanTownName(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed)
{
  if (SeedModChance(0, 3, seed) == 0) { // real city names
    builder += _name_catalan_real[SeedModChance(4, std::size(_name_catalan_real), seed)];
    return;
  }
 
  if (SeedModChance(0, 2, seed) == 0) { // prefix
    builder += _name_catalan_pref[SeedModChance(11, std::size(_name_catalan_pref), seed)];
  }
 
  uint i = SeedChance(0, 2, seed);
  if (i == 0) { // masculine form
    builder += _name_catalan_1m[SeedModChance(4, std::size(_name_catalan_1m), seed)];
    builder += _name_catalan_2m[SeedModChance(11, std::size(_name_catalan_2m), seed)];
  } else { // feminine form
    builder += _name_catalan_1f[SeedModChance(4, std::size(_name_catalan_1f), seed)];
    builder += _name_catalan_2f[SeedModChance(11, std::size(_name_catalan_2f), seed)];
  }
 
  if (SeedModChance(15, 5, seed) == 0) {
    if (SeedModChance(5, 2, seed) == 0) { // generic suffix
      builder += _name_catalan_3[SeedModChance(4, std::size(_name_catalan_3), seed)];
    } else { // river name suffix
      builder += _name_catalan_river1[SeedModChance(4, std::size(_name_catalan_river1), seed)];
    }
  }
}
 
 
typedef void TownNameGenerator(StringBuilder &builder, uint32_t seed);
 
static TownNameGenerator *_town_name_generators[] = {
  MakeEnglishOriginalTownName,  // replaces first 4 characters of name
  MakeFrenchTownName,
  MakeGermanTownName,
  MakeEnglishAdditionalTownName, // replaces first 4 characters of name
  MakeSpanishTownName,
  MakeSillyTownName,
  MakeSwedishTownName,
  MakeDutchTownName,
  MakeFinnishTownName, // _name_finnish_1
  MakePolishTownName,
  MakeSlovakTownName,
  MakeNorwegianTownName,
  MakeHungarianTownName,
  MakeAustrianTownName,
  MakeRomanianTownName,
  MakeCzechTownName, // _name_czech_adj + _name_czech_patmod + 1 + _name_czech_subst_stem + _name_czech_subst_postfix
  MakeSwissTownName,
  MakeDanishTownName,
  MakeTurkishTownName,
  MakeItalianTownName,
  MakeCatalanTownName,
};
 
 
void GenerateTownNameString(StringBuilder &builder, size_t lang, uint32_t seed)
{
  assert(lang < std::size(_town_name_generators));
  return _town_name_generators[lang](builder, seed);
}