newgrf_text.cpp

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/*
 * This file is part of OpenTTD.
 * OpenTTD is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
 * OpenTTD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with OpenTTD. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0>.
 */

 
#include "stdafx.h"
 
#include "debug.h"
#include "newgrf.h"
#include "strings_internal.h"
#include "newgrf_storage.h"
#include "newgrf_text.h"
#include "newgrf_cargo.h"
#include "string_func.h"
#include "timer/timer_game_calendar.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "core/string_builder.hpp"
#include "core/string_consumer.hpp"
#include "language.h"
#include <ranges>
 
#include "table/strings.h"
#include "table/control_codes.h"
 
#include "safeguards.h"

using OldGRFLanguages = EnumBitSet<GRFLanguage, uint8_t>;
 

struct GRFTextEntry {
  GRFTextList textholder;
  StringID def_string;
  GrfID grfid;
  GRFStringID stringid;
};
 
 
static TypedIndexContainer<std::vector<GRFTextEntry>, StringIndexInTab> _grf_text;

int LanguageMap::GetMapping(int newgrf_id, bool gender) const
{
  const std::vector<Mapping> &map = gender ? this->gender_map : this->case_map;
  for (const Mapping &m : map) {
    if (m.newgrf_id == newgrf_id) return m.openttd_id;
  }
  return -1;
}

int LanguageMap::GetReverseMapping(int openttd_id, bool gender) const
{
  const std::vector<Mapping> &map = gender ? this->gender_map : this->case_map;
  for (const Mapping &m : map) {
    if (m.openttd_id == openttd_id) return m.newgrf_id;
  }
  return -1;
}

struct UnmappedChoiceList {
  UnmappedChoiceList(StringControlCode type, int offset) :
    type(type), offset(offset)
  {
  }
 
  StringControlCode type; 
  int offset;             

  std::map<int, std::string> strings;

  void Flush(const LanguageMap *lm, std::string &dest)
  {
    if (this->strings.find(0) == this->strings.end()) {
      /* In case of a (broken) NewGRF without a default,
       * assume an empty string. */
      GrfMsg(1, "choice list misses default value");
      this->strings[0] = std::string();
    }
 
    StringBuilder builder(dest);
 
    if (lm == nullptr) {
      /* In case there is no mapping, just ignore everything but the default.
       * A probable cause for this happening is when the language file has
       * been removed by the user and as such no mapping could be made. */
      builder += this->strings[0];
      return;
    }
 
    builder.PutUtf8(this->type);
 
    if (this->type == SCC_SWITCH_CASE) {
      /*
       * Format for case switch:
       * <NUM CASES> <CASE1> <LEN1> <STRING1> <CASE2> <LEN2> <STRING2> <CASE3> <LEN3> <STRING3> <LENDEFAULT> <STRINGDEFAULT>
       * Each LEN is printed using 2 bytes in big endian order.
       */
 
      /* "<NUM CASES>" */
      int count = 0;
      for (uint8_t i = 0; i < _current_language->num_cases; i++) {
        /* Count the ones we have a mapped string for. */
        if (this->strings.find(lm->GetReverseMapping(i, false)) != this->strings.end()) count++;
      }
      builder.PutUint8(count);
 
      auto add_case = [&](std::string_view str) {
        /* "<LENn>" */
        uint16_t len = ClampTo<uint16_t>(str.size());
        builder.PutUint16LE(len);
 
        /* "<STRINGn>" */
        builder += str.substr(0, len);
      };
 
      for (uint8_t i = 0; i < _current_language->num_cases; i++) {
        /* Resolve the string we're looking for. */
        int idx = lm->GetReverseMapping(i, false);
        if (this->strings.find(idx) == this->strings.end()) continue;
        auto &str = this->strings[idx];
 
        /* "<CASEn>" */
        builder.PutUint8(i + 1);
 
        add_case(str);
      }
 
      /* "<STRINGDEFAULT>" */
      add_case(this->strings[0]);
    } else {
      if (this->type == SCC_PLURAL_LIST) {
        builder.PutUint8(lm->plural_form);
      }
 
      /*
       * Format for choice list:
       * <OFFSET> <NUM CHOICES> <LENs> <STRINGs>
       */
 
      /* "<OFFSET>" */
      builder.PutUint8(this->offset - 0x80);
 
      /* "<NUM CHOICES>" */
      int count = (this->type == SCC_GENDER_LIST ? _current_language->num_genders : LANGUAGE_MAX_PLURAL_FORMS);
      builder.PutUint8(count);
 
      /* "<LENs>" */
      for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        int idx = (this->type == SCC_GENDER_LIST ? lm->GetReverseMapping(i, true) : i + 1);
        const auto &str = this->strings[this->strings.find(idx) != this->strings.end() ? idx : 0];
        size_t len = str.size();
        if (len > UINT8_MAX) GrfMsg(1, "choice list string is too long");
        builder.PutUint8(ClampTo<uint8_t>(len));
      }
 
      /* "<STRINGs>" */
      for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        int idx = (this->type == SCC_GENDER_LIST ? lm->GetReverseMapping(i, true) : i + 1);
        const auto &str = this->strings[this->strings.find(idx) != this->strings.end() ? idx : 0];
        uint8_t len = ClampTo<uint8_t>(str.size());
        builder += str.substr(0, len);
      }
    }
  }
};

std::string TranslateTTDPatchCodes(GrfID grfid, GRFLanguage language_id, bool allow_newlines, std::string_view str, StringControlCode byte80)
{
  /* Empty input string? Nothing to do here. */
  if (str.empty()) return {};
 
  StringConsumer consumer(str);
 
  /* Is this an unicode string? */
  bool unicode = consumer.ReadUtf8If(NFO_UTF8_IDENTIFIER);
 
  /* Helper variable for a possible (string) mapping of plural/gender and cases. */
  std::optional<UnmappedChoiceList> mapping_pg, mapping_c;
  std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<std::string>> dest_c;
 
  std::string dest;
  StringBuilder builder(dest);
  while (consumer.AnyBytesLeft()) {
    char32_t c;
    if (auto u = unicode ? consumer.TryReadUtf8() : std::nullopt; u.has_value()) {
      c = *u;
      /* 'Magic' range of control codes. */
      if (0xE000 <= c && c <= 0xE0FF) {
        c -= 0xE000;
      } else if (c >= 0x20) {
        if (!IsValidChar(c, CS_ALPHANUMERAL)) c = '?';
        builder.PutUtf8(c);
        continue;
      }
    } else {
      c = consumer.ReadUint8(); // read as unsigned, otherwise integer promotion breaks it
    }
    assert(c <= 0xFF);
    if (c == '\0') break;
 
    switch (c) {
      case 0x01:
        consumer.SkipUint8();
        builder.PutChar(' ');
        break;
      case 0x0A: break;
      case 0x0D:
        if (allow_newlines) {
          builder.PutChar(0x0A);
        } else {
          GrfMsg(1, "Detected newline in string that does not allow one");
        }
        break;
      case 0x0E: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_TINYFONT); break;
      case 0x0F: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_BIGFONT); break;
      case 0x1F:
        consumer.SkipUint8();
        consumer.SkipUint8();
        builder.PutChar(' ');
        break;
      case 0x7B:
      case 0x7C:
      case 0x7D:
      case 0x7E:
      case 0x7F: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_SIGNED + c - 0x7B); break;
      case 0x80: builder.PutUtf8(byte80); break;
      case 0x81:
      {
        uint16_t string = consumer.ReadUint16LE();
        builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_STRINL);
        builder.PutUtf8(MapGRFStringID(grfid, GRFStringID{string}));
        break;
      }
      case 0x82:
      case 0x83:
      case 0x84: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_DATE_LONG + c - 0x82); break;
      case 0x85: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_DISCARD_WORD);       break;
      case 0x86: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_ROTATE_TOP_4_WORDS); break;
      case 0x87: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_VOLUME_LONG);  break;
      case 0x88: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_BLUE);    break;
      case 0x89: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_SILVER);  break;
      case 0x8A: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_GOLD);    break;
      case 0x8B: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_RED);     break;
      case 0x8C: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_PURPLE);  break;
      case 0x8D: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_LTBROWN); break;
      case 0x8E: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_ORANGE);  break;
      case 0x8F: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_GREEN);   break;
      case 0x90: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_YELLOW);  break;
      case 0x91: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_DKGREEN); break;
      case 0x92: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_CREAM);   break;
      case 0x93: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_BROWN);   break;
      case 0x94: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_WHITE);   break;
      case 0x95: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_LTBLUE);  break;
      case 0x96: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_GRAY);    break;
      case 0x97: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_DKBLUE);  break;
      case 0x98: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_BLACK);   break;
      case 0x9A:
      {
        uint8_t code = consumer.ReadUint8();
        switch (code) {
          case 0x00: goto string_end;
          case 0x01: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_QWORD_CURRENCY); break;
            /* 0x02: ignore next colour byte is not supported. It works on the final
             * string and as such hooks into the string drawing routine. At that
             * point many things already happened, such as splitting up of strings
             * when drawn over multiple lines or right-to-left translations, which
             * make the behaviour peculiar, e.g. only happening at specific width
             * of windows. Or we need to add another pass over the string to just
             * support this. As such it is not implemented in OpenTTD. */
          case 0x03:
          {
            uint16_t tmp = consumer.ReadUint16LE();
            builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PUSH_WORD);
            builder.PutUtf8(tmp);
            break;
          }
          case 0x06: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_BYTE_HEX);          break;
          case 0x07: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_HEX);          break;
          case 0x08: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_HEX);         break;
          /* 0x09, 0x0A are TTDPatch internal use only string codes. */
          case 0x0B: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_QWORD_HEX);         break;
          case 0x0C: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_STATION_NAME); break;
          case 0x0D: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_WEIGHT_LONG);  break;
          case 0x0E:
          case 0x0F:
          {
            const LanguageMap *lm = LanguageMap::GetLanguageMap(grfid, language_id);
            int index = consumer.ReadUint8();
            int mapped = lm != nullptr ? lm->GetMapping(index, code == 0x0E) : -1;
            if (mapped >= 0) {
              builder.PutUtf8(code == 0x0E ? SCC_GENDER_INDEX : SCC_SET_CASE);
              builder.PutUtf8(code == 0x0E ? mapped : mapped + 1);
            }
            break;
          }
 
          case 0x10:
          case 0x11:
            if (!mapping_pg.has_value() && !mapping_c.has_value()) {
              if (code == 0x10) consumer.SkipUint8(); // Skip the index
              GrfMsg(1, "choice list {} marker found when not expected", code == 0x10 ? "next" : "default");
              break;
            } else {
              auto &mapping = mapping_pg ? mapping_pg : mapping_c;
              int index = (code == 0x10 ? consumer.ReadUint8() : 0);
              if (mapping->strings.find(index) != mapping->strings.end()) {
                GrfMsg(1, "duplicate choice list string, ignoring");
              } else {
                builder = StringBuilder(mapping->strings[index]);
                if (!mapping_pg) dest_c = mapping->strings[index];
              }
            }
            break;
 
          case 0x12:
            if (!mapping_pg.has_value() && !mapping_c.has_value()) {
              GrfMsg(1, "choice list end marker found when not expected");
            } else {
              auto &mapping = mapping_pg ? mapping_pg : mapping_c;
              auto &new_dest = mapping_pg && dest_c ? dest_c->get() : dest;
              /* Now we can start flushing everything and clean everything up. */
              mapping->Flush(LanguageMap::GetLanguageMap(grfid, language_id), new_dest);
              if (!mapping_pg) dest_c.reset();
              mapping.reset();
 
              builder = StringBuilder(new_dest);
            }
            break;
 
          case 0x13:
          case 0x14:
          case 0x15: {
            auto &mapping = code == 0x14 ? mapping_c : mapping_pg;
            /* Case mapping can have nested plural/gender mapping. Otherwise nesting is invalid. */
            if (mapping.has_value() || mapping_pg.has_value()) {
              GrfMsg(1, "choice lists can't be stacked, it's going to get messy now...");
              if (code != 0x14) consumer.SkipUint8();
            } else {
              static const StringControlCode mp[] = { SCC_GENDER_LIST, SCC_SWITCH_CASE, SCC_PLURAL_LIST };
              mapping.emplace(mp[code - 0x13], code == 0x14 ? 0 : consumer.ReadUint8());
            }
            break;
          }
 
          case 0x16:
          case 0x17:
          case 0x18:
          case 0x19:
          case 0x1A:
          case 0x1B:
          case 0x1C:
          case 0x1D:
          case 0x1E:
            builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_DATE_LONG + code - 0x16);
            break;
 
          case 0x1F: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_PUSH_COLOUR); break;
          case 0x20: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_POP_COLOUR);  break;
 
          case 0x21: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_FORCE); break;
 
          default:
            GrfMsg(1, "missing handler for extended format code");
            break;
        }
        break;
      }
 
      case 0x9B: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_TOWN);             break;
      case 0x9C: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_CITY);             break;
      case 0x9E: builder.PutUtf8(0x20AC);               break; // Euro
      case 0x9F: builder.PutUtf8(0x0178);               break; // Y with diaeresis
      case 0xA0: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_UP_ARROW);         break;
      case 0xAA: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_DOWN_ARROW);       break;
      case 0xAC: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_CHECKMARK);        break;
      case 0xAD: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_CROSS);            break;
      case 0xAF: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_RIGHT_ARROW);      break;
      case 0xB4: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_TRAIN);            break;
      case 0xB5: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_LORRY);            break;
      case 0xB6: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_BUS);              break;
      case 0xB7: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_PLANE);            break;
      case 0xB8: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_SHIP);             break;
      case 0xB9: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_SUPERSCRIPT_M1);   break;
      case 0xBC: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_SMALL_UP_ARROW);   break;
      case 0xBD: builder.PutUtf8(SCC_SMALL_DOWN_ARROW); break;
      default:
        /* Validate any unhandled character */
        if (!IsValidChar(c, CS_ALPHANUMERAL)) c = '?';
        builder.PutUtf8(c);
        break;
    }
  }
 
string_end:
  if (mapping_pg.has_value() || mapping_c.has_value()) {
    GrfMsg(1, "choice list was incomplete, the whole list is ignored");
  }
 
  return dest;
}

static void AddGRFTextToList(GRFTextList &list, GRFLanguage langid, std::string_view text_to_add)
{
  /* Loop through all languages and see if we can replace a string */
  for (auto &text : list) {
    if (text.langid == langid) {
      text.text = text_to_add;
      return;
    }
  }
 
  /* If a string wasn't replaced, then we must append the new string */
  list.emplace_back(langid, std::string{text_to_add});
}

void AddGRFTextToList(GRFTextList &list, GRFLanguage langid, GrfID grfid, bool allow_newlines, std::string_view text_to_add)
{
  AddGRFTextToList(list, langid, TranslateTTDPatchCodes(grfid, langid, allow_newlines, text_to_add));
}

void AddGRFTextToList(GRFTextWrapper &list, GRFLanguage langid, GrfID grfid, bool allow_newlines, std::string_view text_to_add)
{
  if (list == nullptr) list = std::make_shared<GRFTextList>();
  AddGRFTextToList(*list, langid, grfid, allow_newlines, text_to_add);
}

void AddGRFTextToList(GRFTextWrapper &list, std::string_view text_to_add)
{
  if (list == nullptr) list = std::make_shared<GRFTextList>();
  AddGRFTextToList(*list, GRFLanguage::Unspecified, text_to_add);
}

static StringID AddGRFString(GrfID grfid, GRFStringID stringid, GRFLanguage langid_to_add, bool allow_newlines, std::string_view text_to_add, StringID def_string)
{
  auto it = std::ranges::find_if(_grf_text, [&grfid, &stringid](const GRFTextEntry &grf_text) { return grf_text.grfid == grfid && grf_text.stringid == stringid; });
  if (it == std::end(_grf_text)) {
    /* Too many strings allocated, return empty. */
    if (_grf_text.size() == TAB_SIZE_NEWGRF) return STR_EMPTY;
 
    /* We didn't find our stringid and grfid in the list, allocate a new id. */
    it = _grf_text.emplace(std::end(_grf_text));
    it->grfid      = grfid;
    it->stringid   = stringid;
    it->def_string = def_string;
  }
  StringIndexInTab id(it - std::begin(_grf_text));
 
  std::string newtext = TranslateTTDPatchCodes(grfid, langid_to_add, allow_newlines, text_to_add);
  AddGRFTextToList(it->textholder, langid_to_add, newtext);
 
  GrfMsg(3, "Added 0x{:X} grfid {:08X} string 0x{:X} lang 0x{:X} string '{}' ({:X})", id, std::byteswap(grfid), stringid, langid_to_add, newtext, MakeStringID(TEXT_TAB_NEWGRF_START, id));
 
  return MakeStringID(TEXT_TAB_NEWGRF_START, id);
}

StringID AddGRFString(GrfID grfid, GRFStringID stringid, uint8_t langid_to_add, bool new_scheme, bool allow_newlines, std::string_view text_to_add, StringID def_string)
{
  if (new_scheme) return AddGRFString(grfid, stringid, static_cast<GRFLanguage>(langid_to_add), allow_newlines, text_to_add, def_string);
 
  OldGRFLanguages old_lang{langid_to_add};
 
  /* When working with the old language scheme (grf_version is less than 7) and
   * English or American is among the set bits, simply add it as English in
   * the new scheme, i.e. as langid = 1.
   * If English is set, it is pretty safe to assume the translations are not
   * actually translated.
   */
  if (old_lang.Any({GRFLanguage::American, GRFLanguage::English})) return AddGRFString(grfid, stringid, GRFLanguage::English, allow_newlines, text_to_add, def_string);
 
  StringID ret = STR_EMPTY;
  for (GRFLanguage lang: {GRFLanguage::German, GRFLanguage::French, GRFLanguage::Spanish}) {
    if (old_lang.Test(lang)) ret = AddGRFString(grfid, stringid, lang, allow_newlines, text_to_add, def_string);
  }
  return ret;
}

StringID GetGRFStringID(GrfID grfid, GRFStringID stringid)
{
  auto it = std::ranges::find_if(_grf_text, [&grfid, &stringid](const GRFTextEntry &grf_text) { return grf_text.grfid == grfid && grf_text.stringid == stringid; });
  if (it != std::end(_grf_text)) {
    StringIndexInTab id(it - std::begin(_grf_text));
    return MakeStringID(TEXT_TAB_NEWGRF_START, id);
  }
 
  return STR_UNDEFINED;
}
 

std::optional<std::string_view> GetGRFStringFromGRFText(const GRFTextList &text_list)
{
  std::optional<std::string_view> default_text;
 
  /* Search the list of lang-strings of this stringid for current lang */
  for (const auto &text : text_list) {
    if (text.langid == _current_language->newgrflangid) return text.text;
 
    /* If the current string is English or American, set it as the
     * fallback language if the specific language isn't available. */
    if (text.langid == GRFLanguage::Unspecified || (!default_text.has_value() && (text.langid == GRFLanguage::English || text.langid == GRFLanguage::American))) {
      default_text = text.text;
    }
  }
 
  return default_text;
}

std::optional<std::string_view> GetGRFStringFromGRFText(const GRFTextWrapper &text)
{
  return text ? GetGRFStringFromGRFText(*text) : std::nullopt;
}

std::string_view GetGRFStringPtr(StringIndexInTab stringid)
{
  assert(stringid.base() < _grf_text.size());
  assert(_grf_text[stringid].grfid != 0);
 
  auto str = GetGRFStringFromGRFText(_grf_text[stringid].textholder);
  if (str.has_value()) return *str;
 
  /* Use the default string ID if the fallback string isn't available */
  return GetStringPtr(_grf_text[stringid].def_string);
}
 
bool CheckGrfLangID(uint8_t lang_id, uint8_t grf_version)
{
  if (grf_version < 7) {
    OldGRFLanguages old_lang{lang_id};
    switch (_current_language->newgrflangid) {
      case GRFLanguage::German: return old_lang.Test(GRFLanguage::German);
      case GRFLanguage::French: return old_lang.Test(GRFLanguage::French);
      case GRFLanguage::Spanish: return old_lang.Test(GRFLanguage::Spanish);
      default: return old_lang.Any({GRFLanguage::American, GRFLanguage::English});
    }
  }
 
  GRFLanguage new_lang = static_cast<GRFLanguage>(lang_id);
  return new_lang == _current_language->newgrflangid || new_lang == GRFLanguage::Unspecified;
}

void CleanUpStrings()
{
  _grf_text.clear();
}
 
struct TextRefStack {
private:
  std::vector<uint8_t> stack;
public:
  const GRFFile *grffile = nullptr;
 
  TextRefStack(const GRFFile *grffile, std::span<const int32_t> textstack) : grffile(grffile)
  {
    this->stack.reserve(textstack.size() * 4 + 6); // for translations it is reasonable to push 3 word and rotate them
    for (int32_t value : std::ranges::reverse_view(textstack)) {
      this->PushDWord(value);
    }
  }
 
  uint8_t PopUnsignedByte()
  {
    if (this->stack.empty()) return 0;
    auto res = this->stack.back();
    this->stack.pop_back();
    return res;
  }
  int8_t   PopSignedByte()    { return (int8_t)this->PopUnsignedByte(); }
 
  uint16_t PopUnsignedWord()
  {
    uint16_t val = this->PopUnsignedByte();
    return val | (this->PopUnsignedByte() << 8);
  }
  int16_t  PopSignedWord()    { return (int32_t)this->PopUnsignedWord(); }
 
  uint32_t PopUnsignedDWord()
  {
    uint32_t val = this->PopUnsignedWord();
    return val | (this->PopUnsignedWord() << 16);
  }
  int32_t  PopSignedDWord()   { return (int32_t)this->PopUnsignedDWord(); }
 
  uint64_t PopUnsignedQWord()
  {
    uint64_t val = this->PopUnsignedDWord();
    return val | (((uint64_t)this->PopUnsignedDWord()) << 32);
  }
  int64_t  PopSignedQWord()   { return (int64_t)this->PopUnsignedQWord(); }

  void RotateTop4Words()
  {
    auto w1 = this->PopUnsignedWord();
    auto w2 = this->PopUnsignedWord();
    auto w3 = this->PopUnsignedWord();
    auto w4 = this->PopUnsignedWord();
    this->PushWord(w3);
    this->PushWord(w2);
    this->PushWord(w1);
    this->PushWord(w4);
  }
 
  void PushByte(uint8_t b)
  {
    this->stack.push_back(b);
  }
 
  void PushWord(uint16_t w)
  {
    this->PushByte(GB(w, 8, 8));
    this->PushByte(GB(w, 0, 8));
  }
 
  void PushDWord(uint32_t dw)
  {
    this->PushWord(GB(dw, 16, 16));
    this->PushWord(GB(dw, 0, 16));
  }
};
 
static void HandleNewGRFStringControlCodes(std::string_view str, TextRefStack &stack, std::vector<StringParameter> &params);

static void ProcessNewGRFStringControlCode(char32_t scc, StringConsumer &consumer, TextRefStack &stack, std::vector<StringParameter> &params)
{
  /* There is data on the NewGRF text stack, and we want to move them to OpenTTD's string stack.
   * After this call, a new call is made with `modify_parameters` set to false when the string is finally formatted. */
  switch (scc) {
    default: return;
 
    case SCC_PLURAL_LIST:
      consumer.SkipUint8(); // plural form
      [[fallthrough]];
    case SCC_GENDER_LIST: {
      consumer.SkipUint8(); // offset
      /* plural and gender choices cannot contain any string commands, so just skip the whole thing */
      uint num = consumer.ReadUint8();
      uint total_len = 0;
      for (uint i = 0; i != num; i++) {
        total_len += consumer.ReadUint8();
      }
      consumer.Skip(total_len);
      break;
    }
 
    case SCC_SWITCH_CASE: {
      /* skip all cases and continue with default case */
      uint num = consumer.ReadUint8();
      for (uint i = 0; i != num; i++) {
        consumer.SkipUint8();
        auto len = consumer.ReadUint16LE();
        consumer.Skip(len);
      }
      consumer.SkipUint16LE(); // length of default
      break;
    }
 
    case SCC_GENDER_INDEX:
    case SCC_SET_CASE:
      consumer.SkipUint8();
      break;
 
    case SCC_ARG_INDEX:
      NOT_REACHED();
      break;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_BYTE_SIGNED:      params.emplace_back(stack.PopSignedByte());    break;
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_QWORD_CURRENCY:   params.emplace_back(stack.PopSignedQWord());   break;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_CURRENCY:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_SIGNED:     params.emplace_back(stack.PopSignedDWord());   break;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_BYTE_HEX:         params.emplace_back(stack.PopUnsignedByte());  break;
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_QWORD_HEX:        params.emplace_back(stack.PopUnsignedQWord()); break;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_SPEED:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_VOLUME_LONG:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_VOLUME_SHORT:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_SIGNED:      params.emplace_back(stack.PopSignedWord());    break;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_HEX:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_WEIGHT_LONG:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_WEIGHT_SHORT:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_POWER:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_STATION_NAME:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_UNSIGNED:    params.emplace_back(stack.PopUnsignedWord());  break;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_FORCE:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_DATE_LONG:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_DATE_SHORT:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_HEX:        params.emplace_back(stack.PopUnsignedDWord()); break;
 
    /* Dates from NewGRFs have 1920-01-01 as their zero point, convert it to OpenTTD's epoch. */
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_DATE_LONG:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_DATE_SHORT:  params.emplace_back(CalendarTime::DAYS_TILL_ORIGINAL_BASE_YEAR + stack.PopUnsignedWord()); break;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_DISCARD_WORD:           stack.PopUnsignedWord(); break;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_ROTATE_TOP_4_WORDS:     stack.RotateTop4Words(); break;
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PUSH_WORD:              stack.PushWord(consumer.ReadUtf8(0)); break;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_CARGO_LONG:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_CARGO_SHORT:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_CARGO_TINY:
      params.emplace_back(GetCargoTranslation(stack.PopUnsignedWord(), stack.grffile));
      params.emplace_back(stack.PopUnsignedWord());
      break;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_STRINL: {
      StringID stringid = consumer.ReadUtf8(STR_NULL);
      /* We also need to handle the substring's stack usage. */
      HandleNewGRFStringControlCodes(GetStringPtr(stringid), stack, params);
      break;
    }
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_STRING_ID: {
      StringID stringid = MapGRFStringID(stack.grffile->grfid, GRFStringID{stack.PopUnsignedWord()});
      params.emplace_back(stringid);
      /* We also need to handle the substring's stack usage. */
      HandleNewGRFStringControlCodes(GetStringPtr(stringid), stack, params);
      break;
    }
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_CARGO_NAME: {
      CargoType cargo = GetCargoTranslation(stack.PopUnsignedWord(), stack.grffile);
      params.emplace_back(cargo < NUM_CARGO ? 1ULL << cargo : 0);
      break;
    }
  }
}

char32_t RemapNewGRFStringControlCode(char32_t scc, StringConsumer &consumer)
{
  switch (scc) {
    default:
      return scc;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_SIGNED:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_SIGNED:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_BYTE_SIGNED:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_UNSIGNED:
      return SCC_COMMA;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_BYTE_HEX:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_HEX:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_HEX:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_QWORD_HEX:
      return SCC_HEX;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_CURRENCY:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_QWORD_CURRENCY:
      return SCC_CURRENCY_LONG;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_DATE_LONG:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_DATE_LONG:
      return SCC_DATE_LONG;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_DATE_SHORT:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_DATE_SHORT:
      return SCC_DATE_SHORT;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_SPEED:
      return SCC_VELOCITY;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_VOLUME_LONG:
      return SCC_VOLUME_LONG;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_VOLUME_SHORT:
      return SCC_VOLUME_SHORT;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_WEIGHT_LONG:
      return SCC_WEIGHT_LONG;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_WEIGHT_SHORT:
      return SCC_WEIGHT_SHORT;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_POWER:
      return SCC_POWER;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_DWORD_FORCE:
      return SCC_FORCE;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_CARGO_LONG:
      return SCC_CARGO_LONG;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_CARGO_SHORT:
      return SCC_CARGO_SHORT;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_CARGO_TINY:
      return SCC_CARGO_TINY;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_CARGO_NAME:
      return SCC_CARGO_LIST;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PRINT_WORD_STATION_NAME:
      return SCC_STATION_NAME;
 
    /* These NewGRF string codes modify the NewGRF stack or otherwise do not map to OpenTTD string codes. */
    case SCC_NEWGRF_PUSH_WORD:
      consumer.SkipUtf8();
      return 0;
 
    case SCC_NEWGRF_DISCARD_WORD:
    case SCC_NEWGRF_ROTATE_TOP_4_WORDS:
      return 0;
  }
}

static void HandleNewGRFStringControlCodes(std::string_view str, TextRefStack &stack, std::vector<StringParameter> &params)
{
  StringConsumer consumer(str);
  while (consumer.AnyBytesLeft()) {
    char32_t scc = consumer.ReadUtf8();
    ProcessNewGRFStringControlCode(scc, consumer, stack, params);
  }
}

std::vector<StringParameter> GetGRFStringTextStackParameters(const GRFFile *grffile, StringID stringid, std::span<const int32_t> textstack)
{
  if (stringid == INVALID_STRING_ID) return {};
 
  auto str = GetStringPtr(stringid);
 
  std::vector<StringParameter> params;
  params.reserve(20);
 
  TextRefStack stack{grffile, textstack};
  HandleNewGRFStringControlCodes(str, stack, params);
 
  return params;
}

std::string GetGRFStringWithTextStack(const struct GRFFile *grffile, GRFStringID grfstringid, std::span<const int32_t> textstack)
{
  StringID stringid = GetGRFStringID(grffile->grfid, grfstringid);
  auto params = GetGRFStringTextStackParameters(grffile, stringid, textstack);
  return GetStringWithArgs(stringid, params);
}